HIST 2112 1ST Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I. Federal Emergency Relief Act II. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)III. National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)IV. Public Works Administration (PWA)V. Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA): (Very Important)VI. New Deal CriticsVII. In return FDR creates a: “Second New Deal”VIII. Congress Fights BackOutline of Current Lecture IX. The Legacy of the New Deal X. Paul Conkin, “The New Deal”XI. Japanese invade Manchuria XII. Fascism XIII. National Socialist German Workers Party = NAZIXIV. 1935, Italy invades Ethiopia XV. 1936, Rome-Berlin Axis XVI. 1937, Japanese invade ChinaXVII. 1938, Hitler’s expansionCurrent Lecture10/15/13: Legacy of the New Deal; Foreign CrisesLook at key terms to study for multiple choice on exam The Legacy of the New Deal:- The New Deal introduced government involvement and support of the economy at a level the US had never seen. However, some believed it was geared toward Socialismmore than capitalism. Many programs (ex. Social Security) are still in existence, someunder different names. Strong congressional lobby for Agriculture, the new name for the AAA was about the government helping farmers who cannot make it in the market alone. FDR didn’t make much effort to educate about government action; guaranteed level of government spending—direct and indirect subsidy.- Was the New Deal a failure? GDP ChartsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Stock Market crash was a symptom of Depression The cause was the failure of the economy’s ability to bounce back, since it was based solely on debt and Maldistribution of wealth Paul Conkin, “The New Deal”:- Historian Paul K. Conkin summed up the New Deal in this way:“From almost any perspective, the New Deal solved a few problems, ameliorated others, obscured many, and created unanticipated new ones. This is about all our political system can generate, even in a crisis.”- American society survived a threat to social stability, faith in generational upward social mobility, and perhaps, democracy itself. While the New Deal did not end the Great Depression, something fundamental changed. Before 1933, most Americans did not see the national government as the guarantor of their economic wellbeing. From the New Deal onward, the public looked to government for economic prosperity, even if the means to that end have remained a matter of debate.- In the immediate future, the people and the government would have to lean on eachother for survival. The nation’s economy was about to be reinvigorated, but at a terrible cost. The nation stood poised to become embroiled in another massive worldwide conflict: World War II. 1931, Japanese invade Manchuria:- League of Nations proves ineffective- Japanese army attacked Chinese troops in Manchuria- It was an attempt by the Japanese Empire to gain control over the whole province, inorder to eventually gain all of East Asia- This was one of the causes of WWII Fascism:- Germany lost big segments of territory to Poland, Alsace-Lorraine, and Belgium- More than loss of acreage crippled Germans; they lost populations, factories, etc. - Also were damaged by reparation payments, which created massive inflation and strain on economy (same with Italy)- Both nations turned toward fascism- Fascism is when everything in society must be subordinate to the army; A system of government marked by centralization of authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and censorship, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism- 1922, Mussolini—Italy  Hitler’s role model; focused on tactics, appearance Run out of Italy; spot where Mussolini was killed is marked by a small plate Made trains run on time; introduced order to Italy; brought patriotismthru violent tactices National Socialist German Workers Party = NAZI:- To put Germany back as a world power- Violent tactics- 1933, Adolf Hitler Austrian painter, low origins, yet charismatic Symbol of restoration of German glory Promises to regain German territory Totalitarian regime; militarism All about strengthening government World in comparison to Germany and Italy was acting in isolationism and pacifism, due to unhappiness with war 1935, Italy invades Ethiopia:- League of Nations is invisible- Italy invades Ethiopia for oil and Italian national prestige 1936, Rome-Berlin Axis: - Formed by Mussolini and Hitler (axis=connection)- Hitler violates Versailles Treaty and occupies territory Rhineland- Britain and France fear Hitler- Fascist uprising in Spain Feeling of menace in Spain 1937, Japanese invade China:- Japan expanding- Japan joins axis: 1937, Anti-Comintern Pact (Germany, Italy, Japan) = Rome, Berlin, Tokyo “Axis” 1938, Hitler’s expansion:- Hitler moves into new level of restoring German power and territory- He stages a bloodless take over of Austria: Anschluss- Sudetenland—Munich Occupied by Sudeten Germans Hitler wants Sudetenland Prime Ministers meet with Hitler to annex Sudetenland, as long as he does not take over the rest of Czechoslovakia HOWEVER, Hitler breaks the promise and heads even further down anaggressive