HIST 2112 1ST Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I.1896, William Jennings BryanII. Republicans nominate William McKinleyIII. 1901, McKinley assassinatedIV. 1900s, Republicans running-mateV. Progressive EraVI. 1902, Northern Securities CaseVII. 1902, Anthracite Coal StrikeVIII. 1903, Elkins ActIX. 1903, Bureau of CorporationsX. 1906, Hepburn ActXI. 1906, Meat Inspection ActXII. Pure Food and Drug ActOutline of Current Lecture XIII.1901-1913, William Howard Taft XIV. 1909, Payne Aldrich Tariff XV. 1910, Gifford PinchotXVI. 1912, New Mexico, Arizona StatehoodXVII. 1912, Theodore Roosevelt Progressive “Bull Moose” PartyXVIII. New Nationalism-Theodore Roosevelt V. New Freedom-WilsonXIX. 1913, Wilson Takes OfficeXX. Global IssuesCurrent Lecture9/12/13: From Roosevelt to Taft to America’s Global Involvement 1901-1913, William Howard Taf:- Taught law at Yale (legal mind)- Served on Supreme Court- Roosevelt endorsed TaftThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- However, Taft stayed in Roosevelt’s shadow- Taft was more conservative than Roosevelt Didn’t have same conception of duties as Roosevelt 1909, Payne Aldrich Tariff:- Reduction of tariff rates- However, did very little tariff relief after amendment- Taft visits Midwest and praises tariff to angry Midwestern farmers who were against it 1910, Gifford Pinchot:- Roosevelt believed in conserving resources (created government land reserves)- Pinchot was appointed head of forest service- Taft thought conservation policies hurt economic growth Wanted to use resources for economy Sold certain lands Roosevelt made reserves Fired Pinchot Created rift between Roosevelt and Taft 1912, New Mexico, Arizona Statehood:- When these states submitted their state constitutions they allowed “initiative, referendum, recall”- Taft vetoes constitutions for that reason- States take out “initiative, referendum, recall”- Taft allows it but then states amend it after they are accepted- Taft = no real control 1912, Theodore Roosevelt Progressive “Bull Moose” Party:- Now Roosevelt is willing to be Republican candidate- Despite Roosevelt’s popularity, republicans re-nominate Taft- After that, Roosevelt runs for 3rd party candidate: Progressive Party- Roosevelt was shot during speech However, he finished speech and ask that the person not be killed- Democrats nominate Woodrow Wilson New Nationalism-Theodore Roosevelt V. New Freedom-Wilson:- Federal Government as permanent presences and regulatory force – TR- Wants government to regulate, but doesn’t want to be overly involved; more aggressive, butless involved – WW- Wilson is more a Jeffersonian Democrat- Roosevelt is popular, but doesn’t have an organization or resources like Republicans or Democrats 1913, Wilson Takes Office:- Underwood Tariff Reduces tariff rates Enabling legislation for 16th Amendment (establishes direct income tax) Progressive tax 1% > $3K, surtax 20K-500K up to 7%- “Big year for Constitutional Amendments”- 1913, Federal Reserve Act Created 12 federal reserve districts; allowed for banks at each district Establishes Federal Banking System Had to make 6.5% deposits to federal pool Gave banks access to pool in time of crisis Allowed expansion and contraction of money supply (regulated economy) Counteracted JP Morgan, Big Banks- 17TH Amendment Direct Election of Senators (Populist idea)- 1914, Pursuit of Breaking Trusts Clayton Anti-Trust Acto No interlocking directories or restrictive business agreements- 1916, Federal Farm Loan Act Extend mortgages at more reasonable expense to farmers from regional banks (lower interest rates) Populist idea; avoided “credit crunch”- 1919, 18TH Amendment – Prohibition (takes effect in 1920) Outlaws manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages Convinced the root of all US problems Couldn’t dispute in public- 1920, 19TH Amendment Women’s Suffrage (South resisted) Global Issues:- American’s effect on Global level: Manifest Destinyo Believed it was America’s destiny to expand its influence of territorial control and affairs Religious Zealo Idea of obligatory spreading of Christianity in uncivilized placeso Instead encountered market for goodso Ex. Heart of Darknesso Make US economy prospero However, also created racial ideal Racial Paternalismo “White Man’s Burden”o White men “had” to convert uncivilized people and oversee the way they lived and give