HIST 2112 1ST Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I 1896 William Jennings Bryan II Republicans nominate William McKinley III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII 1901 McKinley assassinated 1900s Republicans running mate Progressive Era 1902 Northern Securities Case 1902 Anthracite Coal Strike 1903 Elkins Act 1903 Bureau of Corporations 1906 Hepburn Act 1906 Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act Outline of Current Lecture XIII 1901 1913 William Howard Taft XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX 1909 Payne Aldrich Tariff 1910 Gifford Pinchot 1912 New Mexico Arizona Statehood 1912 Theodore Roosevelt Progressive Bull Moose Party New Nationalism Theodore Roosevelt V New Freedom Wilson 1913 Wilson Takes Office Global Issues Current Lecture 9 12 13 From Roosevelt to Taft to America s Global Involvement 1901 1913 William Howard Taf Taught law at Yale legal mind Served on Supreme Court Roosevelt endorsed Taft These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute However Taft stayed in Roosevelt s shadow Taft was more conservative than Roosevelt Didn t have same conception of duties as Roosevelt 1909 Payne Aldrich Tariff Reduction of tariff rates However did very little tariff relief after amendment Taft visits Midwest and praises tariff to angry Midwestern farmers who were against it 1910 Gifford Pinchot Roosevelt believed in conserving resources created government land reserves Pinchot was appointed head of forest service Taft thought conservation policies hurt economic growth Wanted to use resources for economy Sold certain lands Roosevelt made reserves Fired Pinchot Created rift between Roosevelt and Taft 1912 New Mexico Arizona Statehood When these states submitted their state constitutions they allowed initiative referendum recall Taft vetoes constitutions for that reason States take out initiative referendum recall Taft allows it but then states amend it after they are accepted Taft no real control 1912 Theodore Roosevelt Progressive Bull Moose Party Now Roosevelt is willing to be Republican candidate Despite Roosevelt s popularity republicans re nominate Taft After that Roosevelt runs for 3rd party candidate Progressive Party Roosevelt was shot during speech However he finished speech and ask that the person not be killed Democrats nominate Woodrow Wilson New Nationalism Theodore Roosevelt V New Freedom Wilson Federal Government as permanent presences and regulatory force TR Wants government to regulate but doesn t want to be overly involved more aggressive but less involved WW Wilson is more a Jeffersonian Democrat Roosevelt is popular but doesn t have an organization or resources like Republicans or Democrats 1913 Wilson Takes Office Underwood Tariff Reduces tariff rates Enabling legislation for 16th Amendment establishes direct income tax Progressive tax 1 3K surtax 20K 500K up to 7 Big year for Constitutional Amendments 1913 Federal Reserve Act Created 12 federal reserve districts allowed for banks at each district Establishes Federal Banking System Had to make 6 5 deposits to federal pool Gave banks access to pool in time of crisis Allowed expansion and contraction of money supply regulated economy Counteracted JP Morgan Big Banks 17TH Amendment Direct Election of Senators Populist idea 1914 Pursuit of Breaking Trusts Clayton Anti Trust Act o No interlocking directories or restrictive business agreements 1916 Federal Farm Loan Act Extend mortgages at more reasonable expense to farmers from regional banks lower interest rates 1919 18TH Amendment Prohibition takes effect in 1920 Outlaws manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages Convinced the root of all US problems Couldn t dispute in public 1920 19TH Amendment Populist idea avoided credit crunch Women s Suffrage South resisted Global Issues American s effect on Global level Manifest Destiny o Believed it was America s destiny to expand its influence of territorial control and affairs Religious Zeal o Idea of obligatory spreading of Christianity in uncivilized places o Instead encountered market for goods o Ex Heart of Darkness o Make US economy prosper o However also created racial ideal Racial Paternalism o White Man s Burden o White men had to convert uncivilized people and oversee the way they lived and give guidance