HIST 2112 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Current LectureI. United States Presidential ElectionII. Lincoln’s 10% planIII. Wade-Davis BillCurrent Lecture 1860: United States Presidential Election- Nation was divided- Republican party won due to its anti-slavery position- Gained votes of anti-secessionists - 1 Republican— Lincoln (180)- 3 Democrats— Douglas (12), Bell (39), Breckinridge (72) 1863: Lincoln’s 10% plan- A southern state could rejoin the Union one 10% of its voters swore an oath of allegiance that prohibited slavery- Appealed to non-slave holding whites- Introduced the 13th Amendment to abolish slavery- Unlike Radical Republicans, Lincoln did not want to persecute southernersor restructure southern society-Radical Republicans o Thaddeus Stevens—Pennsylvaniao Charles Summer— Massachusettso Benjamin Wade— Ohioo Henry W. Davis— Maryland 1864: Wade-Davis Bill- A proposal for Reconstruction of the South written by the Radical Republicans- When majority declares allegiance, each state was required to abolish slaveryand renounce secession- Only those who took an “ironclad” could vote or hold offices - Confederate officials or slaveholders could not take hold office January 1865: 13th Amendment - ¾ state ratifies amendment- Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude March 1865: Freedmen’s Bureau - Protection for former slaves- Helps former slaves resettle, work, and gain education- New idea of government assistance April 9, 1865:- General Lee surrenders- End of Civil War Andrew Johnson:- Abraham Lincoln’s Vice President Andrew Johnson becomes president- Was Vice President for appeal to southern states- Self-educated Tailor- Southerner who was loyal to the Union- 1865, intoxicated on Inauguration day 1865-1866: Black Codes- Laws passed by southern states for restrictions on all Blacks- An attempt to regain slave control- Blacks could not compete for “white” jobs- Did recognized black marriage and property ownership to black males- Helped radicals in Congress by politically unwise actions of white southerners Ex-Confederates were denied seats to Congress:- Johnson sides with south- Increases tension between radicals and Johnson 1866: Vetoes Freedman’s Bureau extension- Johnson vetoes a bill for the extension of the bureau that was a response to the repressive black codes- Johnson is not concerned with protecting freedman- Johnson cares more about poor white southerners 1866: Civil Rights Bill- All native born, except Native Americans- Have right to legal protections and benefits of citizenship- Johnson also vetoes this bill; however, Congress overrides him- Supreme Court was appointed by president which meant there was a liberal Congress, but a conservative court 1866: 14th Amendment (1868)- No state may abridge the privileges and immunities of citizenship or deprive any person of life, liberty, property without due process of law or deny any person equal protection of the law- First amendment to refer to state- 14th Amendment becomes a requirement for readmission to the Union 1866 Campaign: Johnson v. Radicals- Goes on speaking tour campaign for candidates - Radicals respond by sending hecklers- Johnson threatens hecklers, which hurts his image- Candidates not successful 1866: First Reconstruction Act- Radical’s plan- Divide south into 5 military governments- Each under the direction of a presidentially-appointed military commander- Within each district military government’s could establish law- Former Confederates were not allowed to vote- Slaves could vote- Radicals devise plan to get rid of