HIST 2112 1ST Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I Revisit of Last Lecture new information not covered previously II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII 1906 San Francisco Yellow Peril 1907 1909 Great White Fleet 1870 71 Franco Prussian War a Real Root Cause of WWI 1905 Lines of Allegiance Solidified 1914 Triggering Event of War 1915 Lusitania sunk by German U Boat 1916 Sussex Pledge 1917 February Zimmerman Note April 1917 Woodrow Wilson US Enters War November 1917 Russian Revolution March 1918 Separate Peace Outline of Current Lecture XIII 1918 Fourteen Points XIV Wilson Goes to Versailles France XV Henry Cabot Lodge XVI XVII XVIII 1919 Summer Reservations Also called Lodge reservations October 1919 Wilson s Speaking Tour Stroke 1920 Great and Solemn Referendum Current Lecture 9 24 13 The End of WW1 and Wilson s Presidency 1918 Fourteen Points New Alliances had formed Wilson decides to make a speech called Fourteen Points to illustrate what the US was fighting for during WWI Acted as if all allies had signed on but they haven t These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Wilson s idealistic nature shows thru speech and is somewhat like propaganda Open Covenants openly arrived at Prohibits treaties sections of treaties or understandings that are secret such as the Triple Alliance etc Freedom of the Seas Non warring countries could not safely travel and trade was declining this point reversed that situation Removal of economic barriers Removes tariffs traders are less likely to go to war together Self determination of nations The people of a territory get to decide who is going to govern them and how This throw together people with a general connection but doesn t think about ethnic differences so people are never truly unified League of Nations Idea that a league would maintain world peace Wilson s most important idea stated throughout speech Appeal for Democratic Congress Political Miscues 1918 October Republicans mute their criticism to pursue the war effort but Wilson wants to take Republican s from Congress and put more Democrats in to support his League of Nations To get the League of Nations established Wilson compromises and develops tunnel vision However after November election Republicans remain in control Wilson went against historical trends he was two terms into presidency and lost ground due to his image of being overly idealistic Wilson Goes to Versailles France Wilson doesn t invite the member of the senate who ratifies Wilson goes abroad to negotiate was very irregular he was gone for 6 months and lost touch with US Wilson was the only head of state there the rest were diplomats with negotiator experience Cordon Sanitaire Buffer zone To create buffer states on Russian border to make invasion and spread of communism difficult Versailles Treaty Germans are willing to negotiate under the peace of the Fourteen Points However Germans were tricked and stripped of territory forced to make reparation payments to France and Britain of 32 billion which causes debt and world wide Depression and also forced to sign war guilt clause accept responsibility of war Henry Cabot Lodge Woodrow Wilson s arch enemy He was the product of England s 2 prominent families Fought Wilson on every measure Powerful man 1919 Summer Reservations Also called Lodge reservations League of Nations covenant was a part of Versailles Treaty so ratifying the treaty meant ratifying the League of Nations If republicans wave Wilson s ideas Democrats gain the upper hand in the election Lodge proposes republicans have questions reservations of joining League of Nations So they suggested amendments in League of Nation in Treaty of Versailles Article X Collective security member nations will go to other member nations to protect if they involve themselves in war Republicans disagree with collective security says US must put qualifications on League of Nations October 1919 Wilson s Speaking Tour Stroke Wilson refuses to compromise League of Nations to Lodge s proposal Tries to persuade Americans to convince senators to pass treaty Wilson had lost touch with American people most were tired of the war and didn t care about the League of Nations Wilson has a stroke during tour which incapacitated him thru the rest of his term Uneducated wife takes control over Wilson Wilson remained adamant for no changes to League of Nations Final vote assures no League of Nations 1920 Great and Solemn Referendum Democrats lose so there is no League of Nations Treaty of Versailles is signed with Germany Won the War Lost the Peace Set stage for WWII