HIST 2112 1ST Edition Lecture 19 Outline of Last Lecture I D Day II Battle of the Bulge Nov Dec 1944 III IV V VI February 1945 Concessions to Stalin in Eastern Europe May 7 1945 Potsdam July August 1945 Atomic Bomb Outline of Current Lecture VII Iron Curtain Churchill 1946 Speech VIII 1947 Greek Crisis IX X XI XII XIII 1948 Marshall Plan Division of Germany 1949 NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Fall of China Korea is Divided Current Lecture The Cold War Iron Curtain Churchill 1946 Speech Countries were becoming war weary four years at war Soviet Union gained buffer states in Eastern Europe Soviet has built themselves an Iron Curtain Churchill used the phrase iron curtain to describe the ideological divide growing between the Soviet Union and the Western powers These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Concern with Soviets trying to take over all of Europe didn t want another case of Hitler and World War 1947 Greek Crisis Containment George Kennan s writings inspired the Truman Doctrine and the U S foreign policy of containing the Soviet Union Soviet Union was trying to take over Greece The United States would not withdraw back to the Western Hemisphere as it had after World War I From then on the U S actively engaged any communist threats anywhere in the globe under the ostensible causes of freedom democracy and human rights The U S brandished its role as the leader of the free world Meanwhile the Soviet Union brandished its position as the leader of the progressive and antiimperialist camp Communist ideals would continue to spread until met with a force US needed to adopt a policy of containment to contain communist expansion Truman Doctrine Massive aid directly to Greek government US promised to assist all states in subverting communist invasion or ideals US still has the upper hand with A bomb However people in poverty were still likely to adopt communism 1948 Marshall Plan A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe 19481952 named after George Marshall Spent 13 billion for the economic revival of Europe and primary trading partners Countries given credits to buy US goods Stimulates US economy If Stalin tries expanding more the assistance given by US to Germany will be enough to allow Germany to prevent the Soviet expansion Soviet s try to make their own economic revival plan but it doesn t work Instead they steal infrastructures of other countries Russians seize Czech Division of Germany Eisenhower decided Russians could capture Berlin they got it and stayed post war Post war Germany was divided into 4 zones of occupation US Great Britain France Soviet Union Berlin is a divided city in a divided country Berlin Blockade 1948 One of the first major international crises of the Cold War During the multinational occupation of post WWII Germany the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies railway road and canal access to the sectors of Berlin under Allied control Their aim was to force the western powers to allow the Soviet zone to start supplying Berlin with food fuel and aid thereby giving the Soviets practical control over the entire city However in response the Western Allies organized the Berlin Airlif to carry supplies to the people in West Berlin Aircrews from the United States Air Force the British Royal Air Force the Royal Australian Air Force the Royal Canadian Air Force the Royal New Zealand Air Force and the South African Air Force flew over 200 000 flights in one year providing up to 4700 tons of daily necessities such as fuel and food to the Berliners By the spring of 1949 the effort was clearly succeeding and by April the airlift was delivering more cargo than had previously been transported into the city by rail The success of the Berlin Airlift brought embarrassment to the Soviets who had refused to believe it could make a difference The blockade was lifted in May 1949 and resulted in the creation of two separate German states the Federal Republic of Germany West Germany and the German Democratic Republic East Germany split up Berlin 1949 NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Western European countries joined to defend from potential Soviet Union takeover Committed to fulfilling the goals of the North Atlantic Treaty signed on 4 April 1949 Givers US large troop presence in Eastern Europe Russia gets A bomb Russia is now leveling US s advantage Fall of China Chiang Kai shek had been an Ally in WWII was struggling with communist force Mao Tse Tung Communist factions became great threats to the rule of Kai shek Kai shek was unpopular When the Japanese military took control of Manchuria Chiang Kai shek and Mao Zedong still battled even when forming a temporary alliance in order to eradicate their common enemy Shifted US focus to Asia because of Communism Korea is Divided Was a Japanese colony until after war North Korea Communist South Korea Democracy Separated by the 38 parallel of latitude A lot of border tension Stalin has advanced into South Korea US gets United Nations support to repel the invasion Sends General Dough MacArthur Moved past containment into liberation US heads even further North pas the 38 parallel o Cautioned going to far Chinese prisoners Chinese became involved with North Korea counterattack o Chinese became involved because they wanted to preserve North Korea as a communist state Eisenhower negotiates an agreement that reestablishes the line between North and South Korea basically the 38 parallel