HIST 2112 1ST Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I End of Reconstruction II Urbanization III Immigrants IV Industrial Revolution a Too much increase V Rebates VI Interstate Commerce VII Trusts Outline of Current Lecture I Rockefeller II Political Cartoons National Public Circulations III Sherman Antitrust Act IV Protective Tarif V National Labor Union a Knights of Labor VI ANARCHIST VII Strikes break out VIII American Federation of Labor Current Lecture 8 29 13 The Workers Struggle During the Industrial Revolution Rockefeller Got into oil refining 1879 Vertical integration Controlled 90 of refining capacity in US Forms Standard Oil Trust 1882 Political Cartoons National Public Circulations These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Provided connections across nation Rallying public opinion against big corrupt corporations 1890 Sherman Antitrust Act Any businesses that combined in order to choke out competition was illegal if in restraint of trade Congress was hesitant to pass because industry leaders ofer support to political parties Didn t has as large of an efect as assumed Details in restraint of trade Not specific No standards no solid meaning Ex 1895 US V EC Knight o Controlled 95 of sugar processing and refining industry in US o In violation of act but o Processing and refining is NOT considered TRADE by court Protective Tarif Tax on imported goods Protection from international competition Prices go up no one buys Allows Americans to raise prices as well Stimulates domestic economy Export economy and farmers sufer 1866 National Labor Union An association of Unions who demanded better wages and working conditions Formed out of spite of big competitions Tried to created leverage between workers and owners Unions inefective in economic panic 1869 Knights of Labor Labor Union that was in favor of everything good Believed everyone should be equal Brought workers together Agenized for standard work day of 8 hours Open to everyone except lawyers bankers gamblers and alcohol dealers Had contrasting needs and worries because of diversity of workers Created discord because it was too idealistic ANARCHIST Belief in NO government control Blanket term for political radicals such as communists socialists Brought by new immigration Fond of bombing 1886 Haymarket Riot Attempt at national strike Peaceful strike with McCormick plant in Chicago But then an unknown person threw a bomb at police Police and demonstrators both killed Seals notion of labor unions as threats of national interest Blamed on Knights of Labor 1892 Homestead Strike Homestead Steel plant Operated by Carnegie Carnegie reduced wages Strike ensues Company brings in Pinkertons head of first secret service Workers attack Pinkertons Pinkertons retreat Governor sends in National Guard National Guard breaks strike with more force Dismal defeat for the workers 1894 Pullman Strike Pullman Illinois A company town workers lived of company land High end railroad car makers 25 wage cut and increase in housing cost Workers go on strike Eugene v Debs American Railway Union joins strike Railroads shut down no mail President Grover Cleveland a former railroad lawyer brings in US Army to operate trains Which broke the strike 1886 American Federation of Labor Established out of massive strike breakouts Led by Samuel Gompers Former head of Cigar Union Organized for people with enough skill that companies could not function without them Prototype for labor movement for 20th century Not trying to reform just rallying for fair wages It was not given that the government had to act in people s daily lives The government had to increase their involvement as tension heightened between workers businesses and other facets of the US