H_D 101 1nd Edition Lecture 18Outline of Last Lecture 1. Body growth in childhood 2. Common health problems 3. Causes of obesity in middle childhood 4. Physical/social consequences of obesity 5. Illness in middle childhood Outline of Current Lecture 1. Motor development in middle childhood: a. Gross motor skill improvement b. Fine-motor skills gains 2. Sex differences in motor development: a. Girls b. Boys c. Social environment 3. Physical play development4. Piaget’s theory: achievement of the concrete operational stage a. Conservation b. Classification c. Seriation d. Spatial reasoning 5. Concrete operation theory a. Operation works best with concrete information b. Continuum of acquisition c. Cultural/social 6. Information processing 7. Attention in middle childhood a. Attention becomes 8. Developing memory strategies a. Rehearsal b. Organizationc. Elaboration 9. Prompting cognitive self-regulation 10. Information processing and academic learning a. Reading b. Mathematics These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Current Lecture1. Motor development in middle childhood: a. Gross motor skill improvement: - Flexibility - Balance- Agility - forceb. Fine-motor skills gains: - Writing - Drawing 2. Sex differences in motor development: a. Girls: better at fine motor skills b. Boys : better at gross motor skills c. Social environment: - Influences on sex differences - Parent expectation - Self-perception - Coaching - Media 3. Physical play development: - Games with rules: occur because children are starting to have a sense of morality. Sports, inventive games - Rough –and-tumble games- Video games- Adult-organization - Physical education 4. Piaget’s theory: achievement of the concrete operational stage a. Conservation: - Decentration - Reversibility b. Classification: - Can classify by areas such as: purpose, size, color, and others c. Seriation: - Can arrange things in order from small to large, short to tall, heavy to light d. Spatial reasoning: - Directions: usually by land marks rather than street signs.- Maps 5. Concrete operation theory (cognitive development)a. Operation works best with concrete information: - It is easier if children have seen something before, of can manipulate it with their hands- Hard to understand “what if?” concept b. Continuum of acquisition: - Master concrete operation tasks gradually, not all at once c. Cultural/schooling: both affect task performance 6. Information processing: - Automatic schemes free up working memory - Increase in information-processing speed and capacity- brain growth - Gains in inhibition- both may be related to brain development 7. Attention in middle childhood a. Attention becomes: - Selective- key in on certain things - Adaptive - Planful 8. Developing memory strategies a. Rehearsal: early grade schoolb. Organization: early grade schoolc. Elaboration: (end of middle childhood) remember better if they are really interested in the topic 9. Prompting cognitive self-regulation: - Point out important features of a task - Stress learning strategies - Provide for evaluation of effectiveness - Emphasize monitoring of progress 10. Information processing and academic learning a. Reading: - Phonology awareness and practice- Mix whole language and phonics b. Mathematics: - Fact and skills- practice, reasoning, strategies - Blend drills and number