H_D 101 1nd Edition Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture 1. Developmental periods a. Fetal period 2. Factors in healthy prenatal development 3. Impact of teratogens 4. Teratogenic drugs a. Alcoholb. Aspirinc. Caffeined. Cocaine/heroine/meth e. Nicotine f. Marijuana5. Diseases and consequences a. HIV/AIDSb. Genital herpes c. Rubella d. Syphilis 6. Outcomes related to teratogens7. Prenatal decisions a. How important is prenatal care?b. Types of caregiversc. Choosing a caregiver Outline of Current Lecture 1. Factors that affect developing fetus: a. Underage/overage carrierb. Underweight carrierc. Overweight2. Reasons for C-section: These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.3. Weight gain distribution during pregnancy 4. Birth process5. Stages of labor: a. Stage one b. Stage two c. Stage three Current Lecture1. Factors that affect developing fetus: a. Underage/overage carrier- Pre-eclampsia: (carrier) problems with holding fluids, over swelling in feet/hands/arms, can lead to stroke - Birth defects - Problems in pregnancy or delivery - More likely for C-sectionb. Underweight carrier: - Small for gestational age (baby)- increased risk for SIDSc. Overweight- Birth defects - Problems in pregnancy/delivery 6. Reasons for C-section: - Number one reason: pelvic-disproportion (when the baby’s head is too large for mothers hips) - Fetal distress- STD: AIDS, herpes- Maternal health problems: example: if mother has a heart condition - Placenta previa: when the placenta slips down and covers the cervix. - Placenta abruption: when placenta abruptly detaches from uterus wall. Mother hemorrhages.- Problems with umbilical cord: a. Cord wraps around neck b. Knots in the cord: can sometime see in ultrasound- Malpresentation (breech): when baby comes out of the cervix feet first instead of head first.7. Weight gain distribution during pregnancy - Baby: 7 pounds- Uterus: 2.2- Breast: .9- Placenta: 1.4 - Total weight gain: 20-25 pounds8. Birth process: - Stages of labor - Effacement (cervix gets thin) and dilation ( cervix gets bigger) - Episiotomy (incision made in opening of cervix made so the baby’s head can fit though, not practiced by many doctors anymore ) - Reason for C-section- Family support- Bonding( mother/father to baby)- Postpartum depression (baby blues) 9. Stages of labor: a. Stage one: 1. Prodromal phase: - Cervix dilates from 1 to 3 cm- Irregular mild contractions - Membrane/water brakes- fluid should be clear2. Active labor - This stage begins when cervix is dilated at 4 cm - Contractions are regular and firm- Best time for epidural3. Transition: - 6 cm dilation- “sign of 6”: most women throw up when cervix dilates this much - Very firm and close contractions 4. Complete - 10 cm dilation b. Stage two: - 10 cm dilation, then birth - First baby: birth lasts 1-2 hours- Subsequent deliveries: birth lasts 1 contraction to an hour of birth c. Stage three- Afterbirth of placenta: 1-5
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