H_D 101 1nd Edition Lecture 22 Outline of Last Lecture 1. Emotional development in middle childhood 2. Emotional understanding 3. Emotional self-regulation4. Changes in moral views a. Flexible moral views b. Clarify link between moral imperative and social consequence5. Understanding individual rights 6. Peer groups a. Form from b. Peer culture 7. Friendship in middle childhood 8. Peer acceptance a. Popularb. Rejected c. Controversial neglected9. Helping rejected childrena. Positive social skills b. Improve c. Intervene 10. Bullies and victims a. Bulliesb. Victims 11. Gender typing in middle childhood a. Gender steryotyping b. Gender identity c. Boys d. Girls e. Social/cultural factors 12. Family relationships a. Parents b. Siblings Outline of Current Lecture 1. Only children These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. Consequences of parental divorcea. Immediateb. Long term 3. Helping families through divorce4. Maternal employment and child development a. Benefits b. Draw backs 5. Supports for working parents 6. Fears and anxiety in middle childhood 7. Child sexual abusea. Characteristics of victims b. Characteristics of abusersc. Concrescenced. Prevention and treatment8. Violent environment a. Chronically dangerous environmentsb. What needs to be provided 9. Factors related to resilience 10. Hormonal changes in puberty 11. Sexual maturation: a. Primary sexual characteristic b. Secondary sexual characteristic Current Lecture1. Only children: - High self-esteem, achievement motivation - Closer relationship with parents - Peer acceptance may be a problem2. Consequences of parental divorcea. Immediate: - Instability, conflict, drop in income - Parental stress, disorganized - Consequence affected by: age, temperament, sexb. Long term: - Improved adjustment after 2 years- Boys and children with difficult - Father’s involvement affects adjustment 3. Helping families through divorce:- Shield children from conflict - Provide continuity - Emphasize permanence of situation - Sympathize with feelings- make sure they know it was not their fault- Use authoritative pattering - Promote both parental relationships 4. Maternal employment and child development a. Benefits: - Higher self esteem - positive family and peer relations- Fewer gender stereotypes - Better grades - More father involvement b. Draw backs: - Less time for kids- Risk of ineffective parenting 5. Supports for working parents :- Flexible schedule, job sharing - Sick leave - Involvement of other parent - Equal pay and opportunity - Quality and affordable childcare 6. Fears and anxiety in middle childhood: - Fears of: dark, thunder, lightning, supernatural beings begin to persist - Fears based on the wider world emerge (plane crashes, extreme weather) - School phobia - Harsh lining environment promotes severe anxiety 7. Child sexual abusea. Characteristics of victims: - More often females - Reported during middle childhood b. Characteristics of abusers: - Usually male - Parent or person known by parent - May use technology to lure (talking over the web, young children don’t knw what information is okay to release) c. Concrescence: - Emotional reactions - Physical symptoms - Effects on behavior d. Prevention and treatment: - Prevention: education - Treatment: long-term therapy. Make sure they know that it was not their fault 8. Violent environment a. Chronically dangerous environments:- Loss of feeling of safety - Desensitization, hopelessness - Impaired moral reasoning b. What needs to be provided: parents, schools, and communities must provide reassurance, and intervention.9. Factors related to resilience: - Personal characteristics: easy temperament, mastery orientation- Warm parental relationships - Supportive adults outside of family: teachers ,neighbors, child care providers - Community resources 10. Hormonal changes in puberty : - Growth hormone and thyroxin increase around 8-9 years. Puberty hormone necessary for brain development and growth hormone to have full impact - Estrogen- girls - Androgens- boys 11. Sexual maturation: a. Primary sexual characteristic: - Girls: menarche (first period) - Boys: spermarche (first ejaculation) b. Secondary sexual characteristic: - Girls: breasts- Boys: deep voice, facial hair - Both: underarm