PSYCH 265 1st Edition Lecture 15Outline of Last Lecture I. History of smoking II. Pharmacokinetics of nicotine III. Toxic effects IV. Long term heath risks V. Addictiveness of cigarettes VI. Caffeine VII. Pharmacokinetics of caffeine VIII. Adenosine receptors IX. Caffeine action X. Caffeine toxicity XI. Caffeine overdose XII. Addictiveness of caffeine XIII. Caffeine withdrawalOutline of Current Lecture I. Regulation of wakefulnessII. GABA(a) Chloride Receptor complexIII. Functional neurotransmissionIV. GABA presynaptic inhibitionThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.V. Drug actions on GABAVI. Barbiturates VII. Effects/clinical usesVIII. Synergistic CNS depressionIX. Enzyme induction by barbX. Development of toleranceXI. Selective barb toleranceXII. Barb abuseCurrent Lecture-Regulation of WakefulnessoAscending Reticular activating system (ARAS)Arousal ConsciousnessSleep/wake cycle oNeurochemical transmission-rich environment in the ARAS (NE, DA, Ach, 5HT, GABA, histamine, GABA) -GABA(a) Chloride Channel Receptor ComplexoAn ionotropic receptor or ligand-gated channel that is widely distributed in the brain oComprised of 5 proteins oSeparate binding sites for GABA, barbiturates & benzodiazepinesAlcohol binds to GABA binding site -Functional neurotransmission oDifferent neuronal systems mediate different functions in the brain EXAMPLE: glutamate (GLU) may be involved in convulsions, norepinephrine (NE) is involved in consciousness and alertness, and serotonin (5HT) likely plays a role in anxiety -GABA presynaptic inhibition oGABA is the primary inhibitory transmitter in the brain oGABA neurons innervates numerous neuronal systems oGABA inhibition can reduce the activity of neuronal systems & reduce the functions meditated by these neuronal systems -Drug actions on GABA(A) Chloride Channel Receptor Complex-Barbiturates oUltra-short acting barbiturates-intravenous anesthetics Thiopental (pentothal) oShort-to intermediate-acting barbiturates--sedative hypnotic Secobarbital (seconal)Pentobarbital (Nembutal) oLong-acting barbiturate-anticonvulsant Phenobarbital (Luminal) -Effects & clinical uses of barbiturates oProduce a dose-related depression of CNS function oClinically used for following purposesSedation & hypnosis Intravenous anesthesia Treatment of epilepsy -Synergistic CNS depression oSide effects of combining drugs & alcoholDizzy NauseaVomiting Over-sedation Coma Death oThe most important drug interaction in CNS pharmacology -Enzyme induction by Barbiturates oIncreased of synthesis of an enzyme to max levels by a drug that acts as an inducer oInducer may be a substance that inactivates a repression chemical in the cell -Development of Tolerance -Selective Barbiturate Tolerance -Barbiturate Abuse oSedatives, especially barbiturates are used to take the edge off of taking stimulant drugs,such as cocaine & amphetamineoThis types of sedative use may cause a sedative addiction in addition to a stimulant addiction, which can complicate
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