PSYCH 265 1st EditionExam #3 Study Guide Lectures: 26-32EXAM 4 STUDY GUIDE-True or False: one of the first successful attempts to treat the symptoms of mental illnessw/ psychotherapeutic drugs occurred in 1840s when moreau used cannabis to treat patients with both depressive and manic symptoms -True -Explain the primary hypotheses a neurochemical etiology of anxiety.-Neurotransmitter most associated with anxiety is serotonin-Increased levels of limbic serotonin activity -Provide some examples of long- and short-acting benzodiazepines and explain the basis for differences in duration of action.-Longer-converted by liver to a series of pharmacologically active metabolites-Shorter-rapidly inactivated w/ few pharmacologically active metabolites-Explain the difference between benzodiazepines, buspirone and selective serotonin reuptake -Benzo- onset immediate, withdrawal discontinuation following long term treatment -Bus- onset of action delayed, no withdrawal -SSRI-used to treat depression, but some with anxiety, not addictive-Define affective disorder and distinguish among the following conditions:-Mood ranges from severe mania to severe depression-Addiction -Chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes "compulsive drug seeking" despite the harmful, obvious negative consequences -Motivation to change -5 stages of change-Pre-contemplation -Contemplation -Preparation -Action -Maintenance -Sudden sniffing death-Cardiac arrest -Motivational concepts -Denial -What ever the problem IS it is not me-Blaming -Rationalization -Justification -Acceptance-Surface level -Bad things are happening -Realization that drugs and alcohol are the problem -Deeper level acceptance requiring new attitude-Program of recovery -Disease concept -Self-help or -Generalized anxiety disorder-Characterized by chronic anxiety -Exaggerated worry & tension even when no reason to worry-Suffers are very anxious about just getting through the day-Think things will go badly -Worrying keeps people with GAD from doing everyday tasks-Obsessive compulsive disorder-Recurrent, intrusive & irrational thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive ritualistic behaviors (compulsions) intended to reduce the anxiety-Can interfere w/ sufferer's daily routine -Time may be spent everyday focusing on obsessive thoughts & performing compulsive behaviors or something bad will happen-Panic disorder-Characterized by unexpected & repeated episodes of intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms (panic attacks)-Physical symptoms resemble heart attack -(tachycardia w/ palpitations, chest pain, perspiration, difficulty breathing, dizziness, stomach pain)-Experience feeling of being out of control during panic attack & continually worry about when next panic attack will occur-PTSD-Develops after extreme emotionally traumatic event -Combat situation, sexual assault, serious injury or life threatening experience that generates feelings of intense terror and helplessness-Symptoms divided into 4 categories-Intrusive memories -Avoidance-Negative changes in mood & thinking -Changes in emotional reaction-Social phobia -Overwhelming anxiety & excessive self-consciousness in everyday situations -Sufferers experience an uncontrollable fear of interacting in public & worry about these interactions for long periods of time before they happen -Avoid places where they fear that something they do or say may cause them great embarrassment-Agoraphobia -Anxiety disorder where person fears & avoids public places or situations where they feel trapped, vulnerable or embarrassed-Afraid to enter places where there are a lot of other people or where it is difficult to escape-Overwhelming fear that they are unable to leave the confines of their homes & venture into public-Specific phobias -Irrational or unreasonable fear of specific objects or situations -Actively avoid specific object or situation & continually dreads possibility of encountering specific object/situation-Some activities it disrupts the individuals daily life activities-ADHD-One of most common childhood disorders & can continue through adolescence & into adulthood-Depression -May be normal behavioral reaction or a sign of psychiatric illness-Clinical types-Exogenous (situational or reaction) depression -Endogenous
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