PSYCH 265 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I. Types of drugsII. DEA schedules of controlled substancesIII. Drug taking behaviorsIV. Drug useV. Drug misuseVI. Drug dependenciesVII. Psychological dependenciesVIII. Physiological dependenciesIX. Drug addiction Outline of Current Lecture I. Opium around the world II. Introduction of opium to medicine III. Morphine IV. Heroin V. Introduction of alcohol to new worldVI. Alcoholism in early USVII. Temperance movement VIII. Constitutional amendments These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.IX. Introduction of tobacco in Europe X. Tobacco XI. Introduction of cannabis to AmericaXII. Introduction of medical cannabis XIII. Introduction of recreation cannabis XIV. Legislation involving cannabis XV. Introduction to cocaineCurrent Lecture-Opium around the worldo5000 BC-Sumerian use opium -Suggested by the fact that they have an ideograms for it which has been translated as HUL meaning joy or rejoicing o2500 BC-Earliest historical evidence of the eating of poppy seeds among lake dwellers on Switzerland o1000 c. -Widely used in china and far east -Introduction of opium to medicine o1525 c. -Paracelsus introduces laudanum or tincture of opium into practice of medicine o1680-Syndenham -Morphineo1804-Serturner a German pharmacist, isolates morphine from opium o1861-1865-morphine was used during the American civil war as surgical anesthetic and sent home many wounded soldier for relief of pain o1865-over 400,000 veterans had army disease (morphine addiction)o1870-1871-franco-prussian war in Europe had similar effect-Heroin o1898-synthesized in Germany as safe preparation free from addiction forming propertieso1900-Daly writing in Boston med and surgical journal declares "heroin possesses many advantages over morphine… it is not hypnotic and there is no danger or acquiring the habit"-Introduction of alcohol to the new worldo1492- Columbus brought sherry on his voyage to new worldo1620- puritans loaded more beer than water onto the mayflower before they cast off forthe new worldo1621-there was beer, brandy, gin, and wine at first thanksgivingo1600's- early colonists made alcohol beverages from among other things, carrots, tomatoes, onion, beets, celery, squash and dendelions-Alcoholism in early USo1785-Benjamin Rush publishes, he calls the intemperate use of distilled spirits a disease and estimates the annual rate of death due to alcoholism in the US as not less than 4000 people out of a population then of less than 6 million o1790- Rush persuades his associates at Philadelphia college of physicians to send appeal to congress to impose such heavy duties upon all distilled spirits as shall be effective to restrain their imperate use in country"-Temperance movement o1789-first American temperance society formed in CT by 1833 there are 6000o1882-congress enacts laws making temperance education a requirement in public schools. In 1886 congress makes such education mandatory in DC and in territorial military and naval schools. By 1900 all states have similar laws. -Constitutional Amendments o1920-189th amendment and volstead act effectively outlawed the production, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverage inUSo1933-21st amendment removed the federal ban on production and sales of alcohol and gave control of alcohol laws to states-Introduction of tobacco to europeo1492-native Americans present Columbus a gift of dried tobacco leaveso1571-Monardes writes book about the history of medicinal plants of the new world including tobaccoo1578-Sir Walter Raleigh introduces smoking of Virginia tobacco to Englando1613-Rolf,husband of Pocahontas sends first commercial shipment of Virginia tobacco from Jamestown to England -TobaccooEarly 1900's-cig. Became major tobacco product made and soldoEarly 1900's-growing anti-tobacco campaign with some states proposing a total ban on tobaccoo2014-28 states ban smoking in all enclosed environ including workplaces, bars, and restaurantso1964-surgeon general's report on smoking released-Led to gov regulation of advertising and sales of cigo1980s- lawsuits filed against tobacco industry because of harmful effects of product-Becomes politically incorrect with more public places forbidding ito1998- tobacco master settlement agreement-Introduction of cannabis to Americao1611- Jamestown settlers bring marijuana plant known as hemp to North Americao1600s-british colonies compelled by law to grow hemp to provide fiber for royal navy and merchant shipso1650s- hemp becomes an important part of economy in American colonieso1762- Virginia awarded bounties for hemp culture and manufacture-Introduction to medical cannabiso2700 BC- 50 fundamental herbs in traditional Chinese medicine, also used in ancient India, Egypt, and Greece o1830's- Shaughnessy introduces cannabis to western medicineo1850- marijuana listed in the US pharmacopoeia as treatment for various ailments--removed in 1942oLate 1800s- marijuana found in many patent medicines -Introduction of recreational cannabis oEarly 1900s- Mexican immigrants introduce Rec use of marijuana leafo1920-1933- alcohol prohibition results in an increased demand for marijuana for Rec useo1920- emergence of marijuana "tea pads" in NYC -500 tea pads reported by the 30'so1927- according to Louisiana law max penalty of 500 dollars of 6 Mo imprisonment for possession of sale of marijuana -Legislation involving cannabis o1937-marijuana tax act effectively criminalized marijuana restricting possession of drug to indicia who paid an exise tax for certain authorized medical and industrial useso1960s- use of marijuana becomes widespread in white upper middle classo1970s- emergence of medical useso1986- anti drug abuse act increased fed penalties for marijuana possession and dealing o2000s- increasing legislation of med and Rec marijuana -Introduction of cocaine o3000 BC- stimulant properties of coca leaves were known to indigenous peoples of Andes and South Americao1859-Niemann isolates pure coke from coca leaveso1884- Freud introduces cocaine as a psychostimulant and local anesthetic in