PSYCH 265 1st Edition Lecture 20Outline of Last Lecture I. Behavioral effects of morphine II. Pupillary effects III. Other central effectsIV. Endocrine effectsV. Gastrointestinal effectsVI. Cardinal signs of morphine overdoseVII. Antidotal therapy VIII. Evzio IX. Naloxone nasal spray X. Tolerance XI. Withdrawal XII. Endogenous opioid peptidesXIII. Endogenous opioid system XIV. Multiple receptors XV. Advantages of delta opioid agonistsXVI. Classes of opioids analgesic drugsXVII. Codeine XVIII. Synthetic opioid drugsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.XIX. Semisynthetic opioid drugsOutline of Current Lecture I. Introduction of heroin II. Designer heroin III. Methadone IV. Fentanyl V. Fentanyl derivatives VI. Clinical use of carfentanil VII. Buprenorphine VIII. Suboxone Current Lecture-Introduction of Heroin oHeroin was introduced in 1897 by Bayer pharmaceutical company initially as non addictive cough suppressant oLater marketed as cure for morphine addiction -Designer Heroino1980's Northern CA clandestine chem lab produced MPPP, a synthetic version of heroin oMPTP was by-product of MPPP synthesis oMPTP was taken up into dopamine neurons in substantial nigra & caused neurons to die,resulting in condition resembling Parkinson's disease -Methadone oAdvantages Taken orally, slower acting than injecting (30 min vs. immediate)Doesn't cause high/drowsiness Doesn't cause impairment in thinking, behavior or functioning Doesn't dull normal emotions and physical sensations Longer acting than heroin (24-36 hr vs 3-6 hr) & administrated less often (once a day vs. 3-4 daily)Suppresses heroin withdrawal Decreases drug seeking behavior -Fentanyl oPowerful & potent synthetic opioids agonist oPopular duragesic transdermal patchOne year; 1 billiojnj sales in 2002-03-Dissolved in ethanol and gelled with hydroxyethyl cellulose, is held in a drug reservoir between a backing layer and rate controlling membrane on an adhesive base-Also marketed as transdermal patch, lollipop, and buccal tablets -Fentanyl Derivatives oSynthetic opioids analgesics w/ rapid onset and short duration of actionoCompound Potency Alftanylentanil 10x morphine Fentanyl 80x morphine Remifentanil 160x morphineSufentanil 500x morphine Carfentanil 10,000 morphine -Clinical Use of Carfentanil oUse of orally administered carfentanil prior to isoflurane-induced anesthesia in a Kodiak brown bear -Buprenorphine oPartial opiate agonistoAlternative to methadone treatment for heroin addiction oReduces symptoms of heroin withdrawal & craving & has a lower abuse liability than methadone-Suboxone (Buprenorphine/ Naloxone)oIf suboxone is taken sublingually, naloxone has low bioavailability & produces virtually noeffect while Buprenorphine has good bioavailability oIf suboxone is injected, naloxone will block opioids effects of Buprenorphine & precipitate withdrawal in opioid-dependent
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