PSYCH 265 1st Edition Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture I. Nervous SystemII. Autonomic Nervous systemOutline of Current LectureI. Review Current LectureCHAPTER 1 1. Define a drug, pharmacology and psychopharmacology.a. Drug: any chemical entity or mixture of entities not required for the maintenance of health but that alters biological function or structure when administered.b. Pharmacology: scientific study of drugs concerned with all info about the effects of drugs on living systemsc. Psychopharmacology: subarea of pharmacology that concerns the effects of drugs on behavor2. Describe several different classification schemes that are used to categorize drugs.a. By origini. Source of drugb. Therapeutic usei. How a drug is used to treat or modify something in the bodyc. Site of drug actioni. Pertains to where in the body the drug is causing physical changes d. Chemical structureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.e. Mechanism of actioni. How a drug produces its drug effects f. Street namei. Comes from drug subcultures and the street drug market3. Define a placebo and describe its purpose.a. Placebo: chemically inactive substancei. Strong attitudes, expectations, and thoughts about a drug, sometimes the strong belief that a drug will produce a certain effect will be enough to produce the effect. 4. Define the purpose of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).a. Survey about drug use in the US. Suggest that people in the US use a variety of drugs and that some drugs are used more commonly than others. Characteristics of respondents can make a considerable difference in the prevalence of substance use as seen for gender, age, and ethnic or racial groups.5. Distinguish between prevalence and incidencea. Prevalence: general occurrence of an event, expressed in terms of % of some populationb. Incidence: number of first time occurrences of an event during some time period6. Define polydrug use (or polypharmacy).a. Same person’s regular use of more than one drug7. Identify some of the diagnostic criteria for substance-use disorder according to the DSM-5.a. Substance is take in larger amounts or over longer period of time than intendedb. Persistent desire of unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control usec. A lot of time spent finding or obtaining drugs d. Cravings or strong desires e. Recurrent use of substance reslts in failure to fulfill major role obligations or interpersonal problems caused8. Distinguish between psychological and physiological dependence.a. Psychological dependence: emotional state of craving a drug either for its positive effect or to avoid negative effects associated with its abuseb. Physiological dependence: body needs drug for normal function, increased dosage required due to tolerance, absence of drug—withdrawal syndrome is seen9. Define tolerance and withdrawal.a. Tolerance: increased amounts of a drug needed to achieve intoxication, or a diminished drug effect with continued uses of the same amount of drugb. Withdrawal: definable illness that occurs with a cessation or decrease in use of a drug1. Which drugs (or classes of drugs) have the longest history of human use, and approximately how long have they been used? Which have only been used relatively recently?a. Opium since 2500 BCi. Cannabis and tobacco 2. Describe the San Francisco Ordinance.a. Opium dens were banned but not the smoking of opium. Conviction for operating or frequenting an opium den carried a find of 50-500 dollars and/or jail sentence of 10 days to 6 months.3. Describe the requirements of the Pure Food and Drug Act.a. Designed to control opiate addiction, legislated that produces or medicinesmust indicate on the packaging the amount of drug contained in their products. Law focused mostly on the opiates opium, morphine, and heroin, but also mandated the accurate labeling of products that containedmarijuana, alcohol and cociaine. CHAPTER 1 10. Define a drug, pharmacology and psychopharmacology.a. Drug: any chemical entity or mixture of entities not required for the maintenance of health but that alters biological function or structure when administered.b. Pharmacology: scientific study of drugs concerned with all info about the effects of drugs on living systemsc. Psychopharmacology: subarea of pharmacology that concerns the effects of drugs on behavor11. Describe several different classification schemes that are used to categorize drugs.a. By origini. Source of drugb. Therapeutic usei. How a drug is used to treat or modify something in the bodyc. Site of drug actioni. Pertains to where in the body the drug is causing physical changes d. Chemical structuree. Mechanism of actioni. How a drug produces its drug effects f. Street namei. Comes from drug subcultures and the street drug market12. Identify the determinants of the drug experience.13. Define a placebo and describe its purpose.a. Placebo: chemically inactive substancei. Strong attitudes, expectations, and thoughts about a drug, sometimes the strong belief that a drug will produce a certain effect will be enough to produce the effect. 14. Define the purpose of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).a. Survey about drug use in the US. Suggest that people in the US use a variety of drugs and that some drugs are used more commonly than others. Characteristics of respondents can make a considerable difference in the prevalence of substance use as seen for gender, age, and ethnic or racial groups.15. Distinguish between prevalence and incidencea. Prevalence: general occurrence of an event, expressed in terms of % of some populationb. Incidence: number of first time occurrences of an event during some time period16. Define polydrug use (or polypharmacy).a. Same person’s regular use of more than one drug17. Identify some of the diagnostic criteria for substance-use disorder according to the DSM-5.a. Substance is take in larger amounts or over longer period of time than intendedb. Persistent desire of unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control usec. A lot of time spent finding or obtaining drugsd. Cravings or strong desires e. Recurrent use of substance reslts in failure to fulfill major role obligations or interpersonal problems caused18. Distinguish between psychological and physiological dependence.a. Psychological dependence: emotional state of craving a drug either for its positive