PSYCH 265 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I. Opium around the world II. Introduction of opium to medicine III. Morphine IV. Heroin V. Introduction of alcohol to new worldVI. Alcoholism in early USVII. Temperance movement VIII. Constitutional amendments IX. Introduction of tobacco in Europe X. Tobacco XI. Introduction of cannabis to AmericaXII. Introduction of medical cannabis XIII. Introduction of recreation cannabis XIV. Legislation involving cannabis XV. Introduction to cocaineOutline of Current LectureI. the neuron a. parts of neuronThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.II. the synapse a. 3 types of synapses III. Otto LoewiIV. Resting neuronV. Nerve impulseVI. Depolarization VII. Release of neurotransmitterVIII. Activation of receptorsIX. Receptor site interactions X. Neurotransmitter-receptor specificity Current Lecture-The neuron oNeuron or nerve cell is the functional unit of the nervous system o100 bill. Neurons in the brain oBasic parts include-Soma (cell body)-Axon-DendriteoNeuron sends a signal from one end to the other by means of electrical impulses-The synapseoNeurons communicate with one another chemically -Neurochemical transmission oA synapse is where 2 neurons communicates o3 types of synapses-Axo-dendritic -Axo-somatic-Axo-axonal -Otto Loewio1936 Nobel prize in physiology or medicineoLoewi experiment-Resting neuron oContains storage or synaptic vehicles that are filled with neurochemical transmitteroEven in resting neurons there are low level spontaneous release of neurotransmitter-Nerve impulse oOR action potential is conducted electrically along the length of the axon and enters the nerve terminal-Depolarization oEntry of nerve impulse into nerve terminal triggers a series of ion fluxes-Sodium ion influx-Potassium ion influx -Calcium ion influx-Release of neurotrasmitteroIon flux activity causes the storage vesicles. To migrate towards and fuse with the neuronal membrane oNeurotransmitters are released from the vesicles.into the synapse-Neurotransmitters cross the synapseoNeurotrans bind to post synaptic receptors on the surface of the target cell-Activation of receptorsoIf transmitting neuron is an excitatory neuron the activation of post synaptic receipts results in Depolarization and the target cell is excitedoIf transmitting neuron is in inhibitory neuron the activation of post synaptic receptors result in hyperpolarization and the target cell is inhibited-Receptor site interactions oProperties of neurotransmitters-Affinity -Ability of the ligand to bind to the receptor -Efficacy-Ability of the ligand to activate the receptor -Neurotransmitter-receptor specificity oNeurotransmitter-receptor interactions are very specific -Similar to how only certain keys can fit into certain lociksoProperties of neurotransmitters (and drugs)-Affinity -Efficacy -Complexity of brain function o100 billion neuronso100 trillion synapses o1.5x10^3,000,000,000 functional
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