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WSU PSYCH 265 - Addiction
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PSYCH 265 1st Edition Lecture 6Outline of Last Lecture I. Cerebral cortexII. ThalamusIII. HypothalamusIV. CerebellumV. RASVI. Medulla oblongata VII. Limbic systemVIII. Dopamine pathways IX. Natural rewardsX. Addictive drugsOutline of Current LectureI. Addiction II. Complexity of reward circuitIII. Reward circuitIV. VTAV. Drug memory VI. Prefrontal cortexVII. ToleranceThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.VIII. Compulsive drug seeking behavior IX. Craving and relapseCurrent Lecture-Addiction oCondition that results when a person takes a drug or engages in an activity that is pleasurable oRepeated use of substance or activity becomes compulsive and interferes with responsibilities of routine lifeoDrug addiction -Produces a powerful influence on the brain that is manifested in three distinct ways-Craving for drug-Loss of control over use of the drug-Continuing use of drug despite known adverse consequences-Complexity of the reward circuitoHuman reward vs. LA freeway system-Reward circuitoComplex, but contains a central link that plays a fundamental roleoLink consists of the nerve connections between two particular small groups of neurons -Ventral tegmental area (VTA)-Nucleus accumbens-VTAoTransmits this info to nucleus accumbens by releasing neurotransmitter dopamine from axons that innervate the nucleus accumbensoActivation of dopamine receptors in nucleus accumbens consistently associated with reward and pleasure-Drug memoryoAddictive drugs flood nucleus accumbens with dopamineoHippocampus lays down memories of this rapid sense of pleasure satisfaction oAmygdala creates a conditioned response to certain stimuli-Prefrontal cortexoNucleus accumbens communicates with the prefrontal cortex which is involved in planning and executing tasksoMotivates the individual to actively seek out the drug-ToleranceoAddictive drugs can release 2-10x dopamine that natural rewards do and do it more quickly oIn a person who becomes addicted, brain receptors become overwhelmed. Brain compensated by producing less dopamine or eliminating dopamineoDopamine has less impact on the reward center. People who develop a drug typically find that over time drug no longer gives them as much pleasureoThey have to take more to obtain the original high, known as tolerance-Compulsive drug seeking behavior oPleasure associated with the addictive drug subsidesoBut memory of desired effect and need to recreate it persists. The normal machinery of motivation is no longer functioning oHippocampus and amygdala store info about environmental cues associated with the drug, so that it can be located againoMemories help create a conditioned response--intense craving--whenever the person encounters those environmental cues-Craving and relapseoCravings contribute to addiction and relapseoConditioned learning explain why addicts are susceptible to relapse even after years of


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WSU PSYCH 265 - Addiction

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