BIOL 111 301 1st Edition Lecture 7Outline of Last Lecture I. Cell Division and the cell cycleII. Stages of mitosis III. CytokinesisIV. Control of CellV. Cancer: unstoppable cell division Outline of Current LectureI. MetabolismII. Measuring energyIII. ThermodynamicsIV. Spontaneous ReactionsV. Gibbs Free EnergyCurrent Lecture- Metabolismo Energy—the capacity to do work or cause Change Types of energy- Kinetic—energy due to motiono Ex: light, heat, sound- Potential—energy stored due to position or structureo Ex: chemical, atomic- Measuring energyo Calorie (cal) = amt. heat required to raise 1 g of water 1ºC Kcal = 1000 cal = Calorie (in food)- Thermodynamicso Studying energy flow in natural systems 1st Law-Energy and matter can be transferred but cannot be created or destroyed. 2nd Law-In every energy transfer, some energy becomes unusable (heat), which increases entropy or disorder of the universe.- Spontaneous Reactionso Require no input of energyo Increases entropy- Gibbs Free Energyo Measures the energy in a “system” (ex: living cell)o Value of ΔG will predict spontaneity of a reactiono ΔG = ΔH – T ΔS ΔG: change in free energy (E avail for work) ΔH: change in enthalpy (potential E) T: temperature measured in degrees Kelvin ΔS: change in entropy- —ΔG = spontaneouso Exergonic--net release of free energy o Products are more stable but w/ less free energy- + ΔG = NOT spontaneouso Endergonic—absorbs/stores free energyo Products are less stable but w/ more free energy- Metabolismo Chemical reactions in a cell required to maintain life.o Types of metabolism: Anabolic-building molecules, requires energy Catabolic-breaking down molecules, produces
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