Rebecca DavenportBIO 1406 BW19/13/16Chapter 3 blueprint 1. WATER a. POLARb. The four properties of water are attributed to what characteristic of water?i. Cohesive behavior- Collectively, hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together.1. Surface tension- a measure of how hard it is to break the surface ofa liquid2. Adhesion- an attraction betweeen different substances.ii. Ability to moderate temperatureiii. Expansion upon freezingiv. Versatility as a solventc. 3 states of water:i.ii. Solid-1. Water is less dense as a solid2. Ice floats in liquid water because hydrogen bonds in ice are more “ordered,” making ice less dense.iii. Liquidiv. Gas-1. Evaporation- liquid to gas2. Heat of Vaporization- the heat of a liquid must absorb 1 g to be converted to gas.3. Evaporative cooling of water- helps stabilize temperatures in organism and bodies of water.d. Specific Heat- the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1 degree Celsius.i. Calorie- amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C.ii. Creation of bonds- heat releasediii. Destruction of bonds- heat absorbede. Hydrophilic substance is one that has an affinity for wateri. Ionic and polar substancesf. Hydrophobic substance is one that does not have an affinity for wateri. Nonpolar substancesg. Hydration shell- a sphere of water molecules that surround each ion when an ionic compound is dissolved in water. h. Form hydrogen bonds easily.i. Solutions- a liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of substances.i. Solvent- disolving agentii. Solute- substance being dissolved.iii. EX: salt dissolving in water1. Solute- salt2. Solvent- wateriv. Aqueous solution- a solution in which water is the solvent.2. pH Scale: measure of hydrogen ion concentration.a. pH= -log[H+]b. Ranges from 0-14c. Buffers: weak acids or bases that resist a change in pH.d. Acids: increase H+ concentrationi. pH< 7e. Bases: decrease the H+ concentrationi. pH > 7ii. usually weak acid-base pairf. In any aqueous solution at 25°C:i. [H+][OH-] = 10-14ii. Neutral pH: [H+] = 10-7 and [OH-]=
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