BIOL 111 301 1st Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I Enzymes II Measuring enzyme activity III Rates of reactions IV Inhibitors V Allosteric Regulation Outline of Current Lecture I How do you get energy from Redox reactions I II III IV How do you systematically remove e Catabolic pathways yield energy Overview Of Cellular Respiration Glycolysis Current Lecture How do you get energy from Redox reactions o 1 Organic fuels broken down in series of steps o 2 Electrons e stripped in stages o 3 Controlled release of energy o 4 ATP formed via phosphorylation a Substrate level enzymatic transfer to ADP b Oxidative series of e acceptors to O2 How do you systematically remove e o 1 Dehydrogenase enzyme removes pairs of hydrogen atoms Written as 2H 2e 1 H 2e delivered to coenzyme 1 H to cytosol o 2 NAD Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide a coenzyme e shuttle acceptor allows controlled release of energy Catabolic pathways yield energy o Many small steps trap electrons o Electrons are transferred to O2 via Electron Transport Chain Controlled release yields ATP and Heat Overview Of Cellular Respiration o 1 Breakdown fuel to monomers Fig 9 19 9 6 o 2 Glycolysis breakdown glucose to 2 pyruvate Form NADH ATP Location Cytosol of the cell o 3 Citric Acid Cycle pyruvate to CO2 Form NADH ATP FADH2 Location Mitochondrial Matrix o 4 Oxidative Phosphorylation e transport chain takes e from shuttles NADH FADH2 Form O2 H2O lots ATP Location Inner membrane of mitochondria Glycolysis o Kinase enzymes that transfer phosphate groups Why is this useful o Isomerase enzyme catalyzes reversible reaction o Metabolic disequilibrium How is this happening o Dehydrogenase enzyme that removes hydrogens to NAD o Substrate level phosphorylation
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