BIOL 111 301 1st Edition Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture I. Enzymes II. Measuring enzyme activityIII. Rates of reactionsIV. Inhibitors V. Allosteric Regulation Outline of Current LectureI. How do you get energy from Redox reactions?I. How do you systematically remove e-?II. Catabolic pathways yield energyIII. Overview Of Cellular RespirationIV. GlycolysisCurrent Lecture- How do you get energy from Redox reactions?o 1. Organic “fuels” broken down in series of stepso 2. Electrons (e-) stripped in stageso 3. Controlled release of energyo 4. ATP formed via phosphorylation a) Substrate level—enzymatic transfer to ADP b) Oxidative—series of e- acceptors to O2- How do you systematically remove e-?o 1. Dehydrogenase: enzyme, removes pairs of hydrogen atoms Written as 2H + 2e- 1 H+ 2e- delivered to coenzyme, 1 H+to cytosolo 2. NAD+: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme e- shuttle/acceptor, allows controlled release of energy- Catabolic pathways yield energyo Many small steps trap electrons o Electrons are transferred to O2 via Electron Transport Chain\ * Controlled release yields: ATP and Heat- Overview Of Cellular Respirationo 1) Breakdown “fuel” to monomers (Fig 9.19, 9.6)o 2) Glycolysis—breakdown glucose to 2 pyruvate Form: NADH, ATP Location: Cytosol of the cello 3) Citric Acid Cycle—pyruvate to CO2 Form: NADH, ATP, FADH2 Location: Mitochondrial Matrixo 4) Oxidative Phosphorylation—e- transport chain takes e- from shuttles (NADH & FADH2) Form: O2 H2O, lots ATP Location: Inner membrane of mitochondria- Glycolysiso Kinase-enzymes that transfer phosphate groups Why is this useful?o Isomerase-enzyme catalyzes reversible reactiono Metabolic disequilibrium How is this happening?o Dehydrogenase-enzyme that removes hydrogens to NAD+o Substrate-level
View Full Document
Unlocking...