Study Guide: Chapter 1Answer each question in complete sentences. The more detailed you are the better you can study later so be thorough.1. What is Biology? The study of life2. List and describe the 7 characteristics of life? Order, evolutionary adaption, respond to stimuli, regulation, energy processing, growth and development, reproduction.3. What are the different levels of biological organization? Biosphere, ecosystem, communities, populations, organisms, organs and organ systems, cells, organelles, atoms, molecules. 4. The study of life can be divided into different levels of biological organization:a. Reductionism – “zooming in” reduces complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to studyb. Emergent Properties – “zooming out”; new properties that arise due to arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases.5. What is the lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life? Molecules???6. What is feedback regulation?7. What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?a. Inductive Reasoning draws conclusions via large number of specific observationsi. Repeated specific observations can lead to important generalizationsii. Helps us come up with the hypothesisb. Deductive Reasoning is used to test the idea or hypothesisi. Can we use a generalization and get a specific outcome?8. What is a hypothesis and what are the characteristics of a hypothesis?a. Hypothesis- a proposed explanation for a natural phenomenon. i. Can be supported or falsified.ii. Must be testable.iii. It is a statement not a question.iv. Experiments require a control.9. How is a scientific theory different than a scientific hypothesis?a. Theory- broader than a hypothesis and is supported by a large body of evidence. 10. What is taxonomy? a. The branch of biology that names and classifies species into groups of increasing breadth. 11. What are the three domains of life?a. Archea, bacteria, and eukaryai. Which domains encompass eukaryotes and which encompass prokaryotes?1. Archea and Bacteria encompass Prokaryotes.2. Eukarya encompasses Eukaryotes. 12. Darwin’s book, On the Origins of Species, articulated two main points. What are these points? a. Species showed evidence of “descent with modification” from common ancestorsb. Natural selection is the mechanism behind “descent with modification”i. Individuals that are best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduceii. Over time, more individuals in a population will have the advantageous traits13. What is inquiry? a. The search for information and explanation. 14. What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?a. Qualitative- descriptions, qualitiesb. Quantitative- #’s15. What is the process of science? Describe each stepa. The scientific process-i. Making observationsii. Asking questionsiii. Forming logical hypothesesiv. Testing them16. Define the following terms: control, independent variable, and dependent variable.a. Independent variable- the variable being changed to test the effects on the dependent variable. b. Dependent variable- the variable being tested or measured.c. Control- stays the
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