Ch 15 Study Guide1. What is a mutation? a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA that can be passed on from one cell or organism to another.2. Be able to identify/describe the different types of mutations.Silent: Usually do not affect protein function.#Does not affect protein function.#-May be in a non-coding region, or code for the same amino acids as the original.#-Common; result in genetic diversity that isn't expressed.Missense: Result in substitution of one amino acid for another in a protein.Result in substitution of one amino acid for another in a protein.#-Missense mutations may have no effect on protein function.-Or, the protein functional efficiency may be reduced, but not completely inactivated.Nonsense: A base substitution results in a stop codon somewhere in the mRNA.A base substitution results in a stop codon somewhere in the mRNA.-Results in a shortened protein, which is usually not functional-If near the 3' end, it may have no effect.Frameshift: Insertions or deletions of bases.-These mutations alter the reading frame for the 3-base codons during translation.-Nonfunctional proteins are produced.3. Given a template strand of DNA, be able to write out the RNA transcript that would be made, the amino acid sequence that would be made, and the complementary DNA strand.4. Given a codon be able to write the anticodon (and vice
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