CCJ 2020 Introduction to Criminal Justice Study Guide Exam 3 Exam 3 will not be cumulative You will be responsible for Chapters 10 Jails and Prisons 11 Probation and Parole and 12 Corrections in the Community Lectures 9 10 and 11 Topics to focus on Corrections know the differences between prison and jail statistics demographics private prisons and the pros and cons of private prisons Prison vs Jail Jail locally operated short term confinement facilities o Originally built to hold suspects following arrest and pending trial o Expanded use in today s society o Relatively little attention from the media generally has escaped close public scrutiny o Quality of life improvements Adding treatment programs there is no detox program in jail Regional Jails Jail industries e g LA uses inmates to answer phone calls for the jail inmate staffers Combined resources from local jurisdictions e g D C is metro police so you don t have a problem of overlapping districts and can share funding replace smaller and antiquated local jails State jail standards identify basic requirements for inmate s health safety etc e g tool control community resources riot planning basic minimum conditions necessary to keep the jail going armory planning unless they are forced to Prisons for incarcerated adults long term Updating to this costs money so jails often don t update o Do not house pre and post trial detainees o State prison tends to be limited to inmates w similar characteristics e g separate prisons for female and male offenders younger offenders and for more serious violent offenders o Inmates usually sentenced to prison term of a year or more Thus different services procedures and policies are needed than those provided in local jails o Incarceration rate demonstrate disproportionate confinement rate for minorities Populations and overcrowding Population in jails population has doubled since 1983 o 2013 the nation s jails held 731 208 inmates in 3 360 jails o State and local gov t spend 10 billion every year to operate the 1 billion earmarked for expansion nation s jails of 25 34 some high school education o Demographics o The majority of jail inmates have not been convicted of a crime unmarried African American male between the ages the end of the 1980s Overcrowding in jail innovative ideas there was serious overcrowding by o Some jails have diverted arrestees to community based programs e g o Some states bring arrestees to a mental health hospital instead of o Some areas have 24 7 magistrate offices these get people out of jail detox reception center to keep them out of the drunk tank being brought to jail as quickly as possible Populations in prisons population has increased 4x since 1980 o Highest incarceration rates in the world o Because of age mental illness depression etc an inmate may need o Great American Crime Decline to be kept out of general population 1991 2001 42 decrease in crime but 70 increase in incarceration rate Canada s crime rate also declined but incarceration rates there Getting tough on crime in 80s war on drugs zero tolerance Growing reluctance to release parolees declined increased use of punishment more people incarcerated o We continue to dig deeper in order to lock up people who committed o Demographics the really terrible crimes State prisons 50 violent offenders 68 have no high school diploma 53 addicted to drugs Federal prisons 52 drug law violations 40 50 have mental health issues They should be in a hospital but they end up in prison because they committed a crime these people shouldn t even be in prison Major racial disparities 487 white prisoners per 100 00 and yet 3 161 black Almost 17 of adult men in US have served time in prison Black men have 32 3 chance of going to prison black White men 5 9 chance of going to prison white females Overcrowding in prisons to keep up with the influx counties were forced prisoners per 100 000 in the past 10 years women have 5 6 chance only have a 0 9 chance to construct new jail facilities about 500 new beds each week outside Private Prisons o Some counties experienced such a rate of growth that there was not enough new bed space and prisoners were housed in makeshift facilities This can present serious problems i e if it becomes really hot prison operated by a private company o Rapid movement o States contract w private firms to provide a full range of custodial and to privatization other correctional services Reduce overcrowding lower expenses avoid class action lawsuits targeted at state officials or employees when inmates try to sue reduction in labor related costs etc correctional management General consensus is that privatization only offers modest old state laws that prohibit private involvement in Hurdles Strikes by correctional officers because they do not have to Protection of inmate rate relies on the states so that the Richardson v McKnight Supreme Court ruled that follow the state law of not being able to strike states are still liable correctional officers in private prisons are not qualified for immunity o e g from lawsuits if there is overcrowding o Any type of police misconduct can refer to correctional officers as well Provide construction financing options o Allow gov t to pay only for capacity as needed avoid Reasons to privatize long term debt Cost benefit considerations Less time to build facilities o Design new prison facility in half the time it takes for the state to get their shit together private moves faster o e g if you have to release more inmates it can be done quicker than having to build your own prison Convenience of one entity for all compliance issues Mobilize rapidly state works slowly o e g if Supreme Court overturns decision and state prisons need to change something the private prisons can do it a lot faster than the state prisons Economic development opportunities Reduce share liability exposure these private companies o Hiring and purchasing locally o e g if something goes wrong they ca also blame Retain flexibility o Limited contract duration and if the contract doesn t work well w in the year the contract is over Reasons Not to privatize Governmental responsibility o Public safety something that only the gov t should o The state should really be the only one incarcerating deal w people Few private companies available o Just a few big ones that have privatized prisons across the nation Inexperience w key correctional issues o It s private not someone that has been running a o States know
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