Chapter 1 Crime and Criminal Justice MULTIPLE CHOICE 1 If one of your fellow students suggested that crime is a recent social problem you would say A Crime and violence have been common since the nation was first formed and are not recent social problems B Crime rates today are significantly higher than they were when this country was C emerging as a nation In a historical sense crime peaked during Civil War times and has been diminishing since that era D Crime today is comparable to the lawlessness of the Old West ANS A REF p 4 OBJ 2 2 The created in 1919 was a professional association funded by private contributions which was integral in getting agencies of justice to work together and getting the work of the criminal justice system recognized Chicago Crime Commission American Bar Foundation Commission Wickersham Commission President s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of A B C D Justice ANS A REF p 6 OBJ 2 3 The term criminal justice system was first used by the to reflect a view that justice agencies could be connected in an intricate yet often unobserved network of decision making processes A Chicago Crime Commission B American Bar Foundation project C Wickersham Commission D President s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice ANS B REF p 6 OBJ 1 4 What are the three main components into which the contemporary criminal justice system is generally divided A Law enforcement the courts and the legislature B The courts the correctional system and the legislature C Law enforcement the courts and the correctional system D Law enforcement the correctional system and the legislature ANS C REF p 8 OBJ 4 5 Because some individuals are so dangerous that must be outlawed outright or regulated the contemporary criminal justice society uses the instrument known as A Social Media B Social Report C Social Control D Social Adjustment ANS C REF p 7 OBJ 4 6 The criminal justice system is vast employing more than 2 4 million people and costing federal state and local governments about per year up more than 300 since 1982 A 100 million B 200 million C 100 billion D 200 billion ANS D REF p 9 OBJ 5 7 Which of the following is false about corrections in the United States A Though crime has declined for most of the past decade the correctional population continues to grow B Approximately 1 5 million juveniles are handled in juvenile courts each year C More than 7 million people are under some form of correctional supervision D It costs approximately 10 000 per year to incarcerate an inmate ANS D REF p 12 OBJ 5 8 Which of the following is an extralegal factor A B C D The seriousness of the charge The age of the offender The available evidence surrounding the offense The suspect s prior record ANS B REF p 12 OBJ 5 9 Which of the following is false regarding the scope of the criminal justice system A There are over 2 million individuals employed across the various branches of the criminal justice system B In law enforcement alone there are more than 1 million individuals employed C There are 50 000 courts across the United States D There are approximately 1200 correctional institutions across the country employing about half a million individuals ANS C REF p 10 12 OBJ 5 10 In procedural order which of the following comes first in the formal criminal justice process A Bail B Preliminary hearing C Plea bargain D Post release ANS B REF p 14 17 OBJ 6 11 The role of police officers involves primarily the first four stages of the formal criminal justice procedures In order what are these steps A Initial contact arrest charging custody B Initial contact investigation arrest charging C Initial contact investigation arrest custody D Initial contact arrest investigation charging ANS C REF p 12 15 OBJ 6 12 When the police want to interrogate or question a suspect the office must first advise the suspect of his her rights This is called a n A Miranda warning B C Charging D Questioning after advisement Information ANS A REF p 13 OBJ 6 13 Which of the following is false about the grand jury It can protect citizens from false prosecution A B It was created in 12th century England C Every state uses the grand jury system D It is comprised of between 12 and 23 persons ANS C REF p 17 OBJ 6 14 At what stage of the formal criminal justice process does the defendant enter a plea of guilty or not guilty A Arraignment B Criminal trial C Preliminary hearing D Bail hearing ANS A REF p 15 OBJ 6 15 Who is not a part of the courtroom work group A Prosecutor B Defense attorney C Bail bondman D Judge ANS C REF p 19 OBJ 6 16 Which of the following crimes would be placed in the top layer Layer I of the criminal justice wedding cake A B C D A noted celebrity is arrested for shooting her bodyguard A burglary occurs at a local bar An individual is arrested for public drunkenness A first time offender assaults a friend ANS A REF p 19 21 OBJ 8 17 Which of the following is false regarding Herbert Packer s notion of the criminal justice process as an assembly line A Criminal justice is seen as a screening process where each stage is a decision B Each of these decisions can have a critical impact on the defendant the justice point system and society C Most people who commit crime are punished for their crime D The criminal justice system suffers from congestion ANS C REF p 16 17 OBJ 7 18 Offenders at Level of the wedding cake model of criminal justice have typically committed a serious offense and will receive a prison term however will not garner much media attention A I B II C III D IV ANS B REF p 19 21 OBJ 8 19 Which justice perspective holds that the proper role of the justice system is to prevent crime through the judicious use of criminal sanctions and demands an efficient system that hands out tough sanctions to those who violate the law A Crime control B Rehabilitation C Due process D Equal justice ANS A REF p 21 22 OBJ 9 20 The perspective sees the justice system as a mechanism of caring for and treating people who cannot manage themselves and assumes people are at the mercy of social economic and interpersonal conditions A B C D Crime control Rehabilitation Due process Equal justice ANS B REF p 22 23 OBJ 9 21 Between 1976 and 1999 566 people were executed in the United States and 82 individuals awaiting execution were exonerated This is a ratio of 1 individual freed for every 7 individuals executed Such serious errors in the criminal justice system are of concern to advocates of the perspective
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