Travis CH 10 Incarceration I History of Incarceration A Origins B Congregate Segregate System Debate 1 The Eastern State Penitentiary in Pennsylvania segregate system a b Individual cells no interaction with other inmates in order to protect from corruption of others Isolation caused psychological damage and was expensive 2 The Auburn Penitentiary congregate system a Housed separately but worked in groups b More cost effective and working offenders helped penitentiary make a profit c Requires more surveillance in order to ensure silence d Greater potential for riots and fights C Change in Purpose of Prisons 1 Penitentiary a Idea that criminality is caused by the environment and isolating criminals from the environment that is contaminating them will fix them 2 Reformatory a Replaced the penitentiary in mid 19th century with the change in the nature of society after the Civil War The idea of training these inmates to become law abiding citizens replaced the original ideology that a sanitized environment will improve them b Many times inmates were released early due to overcrowding 3 Rehabilitative Correctional Institutions a Replaced reformatories with the change in societies ideology that offenders were ill and needed to be cured through treatment programs individualized to their needs II Jails A Jail Organization 1 Under jurisdiction of the county government 2 Most jail inmates are male under 35 unmarried and minority group members with the majority not completing HS 3 Custodial officers make up the majority of jail staff 4 Most jails house less than 50 inmates B Jail Practice 1 Programs offered to inmates in jail consist of education counseling health care and mental health Prisons III A Prison Organization 1 Exist on either state or federal level 2 Unlike jails prisons suffer from size problems 3 House fewer than 750 inmates on average IV Doing Time A Pains of Imprisonment 1 Deprivation of Liberty 2 Deprivation of Goods and Services 3 Deprivation of Heterosexual Relations 4 Deprivations of Autonomy 5 Deprivation of Security Travis CH 16 Discharge and Developments I Discharge Discharge is not a decision point but rather the last event that takes place for the offender This is the point at which they are released back into the community Executive clemency refers to an offender being able to ask to receive discharge from their sentence by the Governor Collateral consequences refer to consequences that aren t apart of the state penalty for the crime An example would be the stigma attached to being an ex con lost of voting rights divorce unable to hold office etc These sorts of consequences where the ex con loses civil rights is known as civil death where as far as civil rights are concerned the individual is dead Recidivism refers to returning to crime or trouble with the CJS Knowing this number allows us to see what programs are working and what aren t II Developments Crime warps refer to the alterations in our CJS and our responses to crime Bennett coined this term and stated that she predicts there will be an increasing emphasis on white collar crime and computer crimes in the future She also stated that she predicts crimes such as prostitution homosexuality gambling and drug use will be legalized Doerner CH 6 Florida Corrections I A Private vs State FL Correctional Officers 1 Correctional officers in private facilities have the same pre service training as those in state run facilities both must receive certification to be a correctional officer 2 Salary levels for correctional officers are higher in state run facilities than private B Minimum Standards 1 The Criminal Justice Standards and Training Commission CJSTC employs correctional officers 2 Certification is mandatory prior to being employed Certification means that they re licensed by the The CJSTC is housed within FDLE state to serve as a correctional officer 3 Minimum requirements at least 19 U S citizen HS diploma no misdemeanor convictions involving perjury or false statement no felonies no dishonorable discharges from military good moral character pass background and medical exams valid drivers license 4 Agencies can add more requirements on top of these above minimum standards but cannot hire those who don t comply with the above standards C Training 1 Training is standardized throughout the state 2 14 week long training over 552 hours of instruction focused on defensive tactics weapons and physical fitness The rest of the training covers topics like legal aspects communication interpersonal skills and first aid Most of the hours of instruction in the training process are focused on interpersonal skills such as human interaction special needs persons stress and crisis intervention and suicide intervention 1 Exam is known as the State Officer Certification Examination SOCE and it is to be completed after D Certification the pre service training just described E Demographics 1 State run facilities White correctional officers in the state of FL are underrepresented while minority officers are overrepresented Women officers are underrepresented 2 Private run facilities Gasden County is the only county in the state where blacks represent the majority of the local population Their institution is a women s prison City of South Bay is also similar with minority s making up the majority 3 Larger agencies are able to have a more racially diverse staff In addition pay increases with agency size average pay of correctional officer starting is 32 657 4 Smaller agencies are more likely to employ female correctional officers F Duties Responsibilities 1 Supervise inmates 2 Check inmate mail for contraband 3 Patrol quarters and work areas of the inmates 4 Maintain a record of all equipment 5 Maintain security of inmate transfers 6 Etc G Purpose Code of Conduct 1 Public safety 2 Sworn officer to the State FL Correctional System A Overall Structure II 1 Correctional system maintains facilities at the STATE level e g prisons annexes work camps work release centers road prisons and forestry camps 2 National vs State accreditation a Accreditation means that an agency has undergone both internal and external review to make sure their goals policies and objectives comply with the best practices in the field b National accreditation ACA created the accreditation program the CAC administers the daily operations of the ACA Basically the agency that wanted to receive national accreditation goes through a self evaluation process over a year
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