Notes 1 9 2013 Components of Criminal Justice Systems 1 Police a Problems jurisdiction overlapping administrative costs b Within police you have local state and federal c Federal Agencies FBI BOC ATF DEA BJS IRS and many more d How do you compete with other agencies Information federal agencies keep the information for power If they transferred that info they would be irrelevant i ii iii Trust and legitimacy ultimately leads to relationship suspect and officer e State Agencies Fish and Wildlife FDLE Highway Patrol University Po lice etc 2 Corrections a Problem overcrowding b US has largest amount of prisoners in facilities over 4 million c Overcrowding leads to lawsuits and overspending d We spend too much on corrections e US grade on infrastructure D 3 Judge Judicial System a Public Defenders have very little experience typically start at 35K b They have been criticized because of large caseloads and low wages c Plea bargaining system 95 100 cases are plea bargained i Sign away your rights and poor people are arrested ii Plea bargaining doesn t exist we are the only system that relies heavily on it 1 11 13 Chapter 2 The Value of Data Data are valuable and can be used to o Shape public policy o Analyze and evaluate existing programs o Create new programs o Plan new laws o Develop funding requests Data can be used for state and local programs o Ex UCR Sources of Data Nationally crime statistics come from 2 major sources UCR and NCVS UCR o Uniform Crime Reports also known as UCR NIBRS program o Secondary data o A sample of a larger picture of crime o Police department voluntarily issues info to the FBI o Major Weaknesses Not many agencies are voluntary Really depends what police consider crime Ex 5 robberies but only 1 is reported to the police Missing info NCVS National Victimization Survey o Surveying people going to their households o Problems Very hard to sample specific populations Must avoid bias People have problem recalling o Contains population that don t report crime usually o Additionally data available from Professional organization Offender self reports problem with these because people make mistakes or lie Uniform Crime Reports Reports began 1930 Data collected by FBI approximately 16 000 Crime Index o Part I Offenses Violent crime and property crimes o Part II Offenses non violent crimes NIBRS the new UCR o National incident based reporting system o Incident driven rather than summary based City county state and federal law enforcement agencies furnish detailed data on crime and arrest activities at the incident level The NIBRS isn t a separate report it s the new methodology un derlying the modern day UCR system Identified 22 crimes o Much more detailed including Place of occurrence weapon used type and re o 22 offenses include Kidnapping larceny motor vehicle theft pornography prostitu tion narcotic offenses embezzlement extortion arson assault bribery non forcible sex offense receiving stolen property gam bling vandalism counterfeiting homicide fraud Major Shift in Crime Rates Early 1940s sharp drop in crime rates as many young men went to WWII Early 1960s 1990s dramatic increase in crime rates as police profes sionalism and victim reporting grew 1991 2006 significant decline in most major crime rates as funding for crime fighting increase and many embrace a get tough attitude o Us has largest incarceration rates in the world 2006 on violent crime rates starting to rise again pushed by economic uncertainty more teens copycat crimes and social disorganization o However hasn t increased a lot o All media hype o Mimic 1950s and 60s crime rates Crime Rate of crimes 100 000 o Allows for comparison across areas and times o Clearance rate of crimes solved of crimes committed o Rate doesn t count for adjudicated or report change 1 14 2013 Murder The unlawful killing of human being by another Includes o All willful and lawful homicide o Nonnegligent manslaughter Excludes o Suicides o Deaths caused by accidents or negligence o Attempted murders Data on Murder Least likely part I offense to occur High clearance rate More common during warm months and southern states Most victims and perpetrators are 20 24 Weapon most often used firearms Victim and offender are often acquaintances Mostly crimes of passion Forcible Rape There is no such thing as rape in FL term doesn t exist legally 2 terms sexual assault battery o Sexual assault attempted crime no penetration o Battery intent and carry through Includes assault or attempt to commit rape by force of threat of force Many victims do not report because they o Think police wont be able to catch the suspect o Believe that the police wont be unsympathetic o Want to avoid embarrassment of publicity o Fear reprisal by rapist o Fear additional victimization by court proceedings o Have to go through a raping examination o Want to keep family friends from knowing Robbery Unlawful taking or attempted taking of property that is in the immediate possession of another by force or violence and or by putting victim in fear Excludes o Pick pocketing o Purse snatching in fl its called robbery by sudden snatching Aggravated Assault Aggravated weapon or anything that might cause injury Unlawful inflicting of serious injury upon the person of another Fl law if the victim believes you have a weapon then you have one Includes o Attempted assaults especially when deadly weapon is used o The possible use of a gun knife of other weapon that could result in se rious injury Excludes o Simple assault includes impairability to commit crime have to be able to carry it out Unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft Type of burglaries o Forcible entry enters w o permission o Attempted forcible entry o Unlawful entry w o force o Theft is required Unlawful taking or attempted taking carrying leading or riding away of property from the possession of another Burglary Larceny Theft 1 16 2013 Part II Less serious crimes than I Include o Simple assault DUI prostitution vandalism receiving stolen property NCVS Began in 1972 Designed to measure dark figure of crime Uses data collected by bureau of justice statistics More than 43 000 are surveyed 2 times a year Measures households touched by crime Includes o Rape robbery assault burglary personal and household larceny mo tor vehicle theft Statistics reveal o About of all violent crime is reported o Slightly more than 1 3 of all property crime is reported o Victims are more likely Men younger African
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