Chapter 10 Vocab Notes Vocab 1 Probation A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the 2 community under the supervision of the court in the person of a probation officer subject to certain conditions for a specified time Judicial Reprieve The common law practice that allowed judges to suspend punishment so that convicted offenders could seek a pardon gather new evidence or demonstrate that they had reformed their behavior 3 Recognizance The medieval practice of allowing convicted offenders to go unpunished if they agreed to refrain from any further criminal behavior 4 Sureties During the Middle Ages people responsible for the behavior of an offender 5 Probation Rules Conditions or restrictions mandated by the court that must be obeyed released before trial by a probationer 6 Revocation An administrative act performed by a parole authority that removes a person from parole or a judicial order by a court removing a person from parole or probation in response to a violation on the part of the parolee or probationer 7 Suspended Sentence A prison term that is delayed while the defendant undergoes a period of community treatment If the treatment is successful the prison sentence is terminated 8 Presentence Investigation An investigation performed by a probation officer attached 9 to a trial court after the conviction of a defendant Intake The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceedings also the process in which a juvenile referral is received and a decision is made to file a petition in the juvenile court release the juvenile or refer the juvenile elsewhere 10 Risk Classification Classifying probationers so that they may receive an appropriate level of treatment and control 11 Motivational Interviewing A technique that increases the probationers awareness of their potential problems by asking them to visualize a better future and learn strategies to reach their goals 12 Day Fees A program requiring probationers to pay some of the costs of their treatment 13 Intermediate Sanctions Punishments that fall between probation and prison probation plus Community based sanctions including house arrest and intensive supervision serve as alternatives to incarceration 14 Fine A money payment levied on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds 15 Day Fine A fine geared to the average daily income of the convicted offender in an effort to bring equity to the sentencing process 16 Forfeiture The seizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty 17 Zero Tolerance The practice of seizing all instrumentalities of a crime including homes boats and cars It is an extreme example of the law of forfeiture 18 Restitution A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble and expense the offender caused 19 Monetary Restitution A sanction requiring that convicted offenders compensate crime victims by reimbursing them for out of pocket losses caused by the crime Losses can include property damage lost wages and medical costs 20 Community Service Restitution An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such tasks as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence 21 Shock Probation A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation to impress them with the pains of imprisonment 22 Split Sentence A practice that requires convicted criminals to spend a portion of their sentence behind bars and the remainder in the community 23 Intensive Probation Supervision IPS A type of intermediate sanction involving small probation caseloads and strict monitoring on a daily or weekly basis 24 House Arrest A form of intermediate sanction that requires the convicted offender to spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home such as from 5 pm Friday until 8 am Monday 25 Electronic Monitoring EM Requiring convicted offenders to wear a monitoring device as part of their community sentence Typically part of a house arrest order this enables the probation department to ensure that offenders are complying with court ordered limitations on their freedom 26 Residential Community Corrections RCC A nonsecure facility located in the community that houses probationers who need a more secure environment Typically residents are free during the day to go to work school or treatment and they return in the evening for counseling sessions and meals 27 Day Reporting Center DRC A nonresidential community based treatment program 28 Restorative Justice A view of criminal justice that advocates peaceful solutions and mediation rather than coercive punishments 29 Sentencing Circle A type of sentencing in which victims family members community members and the offender participate in an effort to devise fair and reasonable sanctions that are ultimately aimed at reintegrating the offender into the community PowerPoint Notes Probation and Parole Notes Community Sentencing use of a variety of officially ordered program based sanctions that permit convicted offenders to remain in the community under conditional supervision as an alternative to an active prison sentence Composed of probation parole and intermediate sanctions sanctions means punishment Probation Suspension of imprisonment It is a court ordered sanction Goal of probation is the maintain control of criminals while they re still involved in the community to help rehabilitate them History of Probation Medieval Times o Judicial Reprieve common law practice allowing judges to suspend sentences so that offenders could seek a pardon gather new evidence or prove they have changed their ways o Recognizance form of bail bond allowing convicted offenders to go unpunished if they agree to refrain from further criminal activity o Sureties says another person is responsible for the behavior of offenders before they get convicted In 14th Century England courts established the practice of binding over for good behavior o This means the offender could be entrusted into the custody of willing citizens John Augustus the Father of Corrections o From Boston o Used his own money to watch over certain groups of offenders instead of giving them jail time o In 1878 the city of Boston hired its first probation officer Probation Today Probation is the most common form of criminal sentencing About 2
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