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Notes:1/9/2013:Components of Criminal Justice Systems:1- Policea. Problems: jurisdiction, overlapping, administrative costsb. Within police you have: local, state and federalc. Federal Agencies: FBI, BOC, ATF, DEA, BJS, IRS, and many mored. How do you compete with other agencies?i. Information – federal agencies keep the information for powerii. If they transferred that info they would be irrelevantiii. Trust and legitimacy ultimately leads to relationship suspect and officere. State Agencies: Fish and Wildlife, FDLE, Highway Patrol, University Police, etc.2- Corrections:a. Problem: overcrowdingb. US has largest amount of prisoners in facilities – over 4 millionc. Overcrowding leads to lawsuits and overspendingd. We spend too much on correctionse. US grade on infrastructure = D-3- Judge-Judicial Systema. Public Defenders have very little experience, typically start at $35Kb. They have been criticized because of large caseloads and low wagesc. Plea bargaining system = 95-100 cases are plea bargainedi. Sign away your rights and poor people are arrestedii. Plea bargaining doesn’t exist, we are the only system that relies heavily on it1/11/13Chapter 2:The Value of Data:- Data are valuable and can be used to:o Shape public policy o Analyze and evaluate existing programso Create new programso Plan new lawso Develop funding requests- Data can be used for state and local programso Ex: UCRSources of Data:- Nationally, crime statistics come from 2 major sources: UCR and NCVS- UCR:o Uniform Crime Reports (also known as UCR/NIBRS program)o Secondary data o A sample of a larger picture of crimeo Police department voluntarily issues info to the FBIo Major Weaknesses: Not many agencies are voluntary Really depends what police consider crime Ex: 5 robberies but only 1 is reported to the police Missing info- NCVS: National Victimization Surveyo Surveying people, going to their householdso Problems: Very hard to sample specific populations Must avoid bias People have problem recallingo Contains population that don’t report crime usuallyo Additionally, data available from: Professional organization  Offender self-reports (problem with these because people make mistakes or lie)Uniform Crime Reports:- Reports began 1930 - Data collected by FBI, approximately 16,000- Crime Index:o Part I Offenses Violent crime and property crimes o Part II Offenses: non violent crimes - NIBRS: the new UCRo National incident based reporting systemo Incident driven rather than summary based City, county, state and federal law enforcement agencies furnish detailed data on crime and arrest activities at the incident level The NIBRS isn’t a separate report; it’s the new methodology underlying the modern-day UCR system Identified 22 crimes o Much more detailed, including: Place of occurrence, weapon used, type and reo 22 offenses include: Kidnapping, larceny, motor vehicle theft, pornography, prostitution, narcotic offenses, embezzlement, extortion, arson, assault, bribery, non forcible sex offense, receiving stolen property, gambling, vandalism, counterfeiting, homicide, fraudMajor Shift in Crime Rates:- Early 1940s -> sharp drop in crime rates as many young men went to WWII- Early 1960s -1990s -> dramatic increase in crime rates as police professionalism and victim reporting grew- 1991-2006 -> significant decline in most major crime rates as funding for crime fighting increase and many embrace a “get tough” attitudeo Us has largest incarceration rates in the world- 2006-on -> violent crime rates starting to rise again pushed by economic uncertainty, more teens, copycat crimes and social disorganizationo However, hasn’t increased a loto All media hypeo Mimic 1950s and 60s crime rates - Crime Rate = # of crimes/100,000o Allows for comparison across areas and timeso Clearance rate = # of crimes solved/# of crimes committedo Rate doesn’t count for adjudicated or report change1/14/2013Murder:- The unlawful killing of human being by another- Includes:o All willful and lawful homicideo Nonnegligent manslaughter- Excludes:o Suicideso Deaths caused by accidents or negligenceo Attempted murders Data on Murder:- Least likely part I offense to occur- High clearance rate- More common during warm months and southern states- Most victims and perpetrators are 20-24- Weapon most often used = firearms- Victim and offender are often acquaintances- Mostly crimes of passionForcible Rape:- There is no such thing as rape in FL, term doesn’t exist legally - 2 terms: sexual assault, batteryo Sexual assault – attempted crime, no penetrationo Battery – intent and carry through- Includes: assault or attempt to commit rape by force of threat of force- Many victims do not report because they:o Think police wont be able to catch the suspect o Believe that the police wont be unsympathetico Want to avoid embarrassment of publicity o Fear reprisal by rapisto Fear additional victimization by court proceedingso Have to go through a raping examinationo Want to keep family/friends from knowingRobbery:- Unlawful taking or attempted taking of property that is in the immediate possession of another by force or violence and/or by putting victim in fear- Excludes:o Pick-pocketingo Purse snatching – in fl its called robbery by sudden snatchingAggravated Assault:- Aggravated = weapon or anything that might cause injury- Unlawful inflicting of serious injury upon the person of another- Fl law: if the victim believes you have a weapon then you have one- Includes:o Attempted assaults, especially when deadly weapon is usedo The possible use of a gun, knife of other weapon that could result in serious injury- Excludes:o Simple assault – includes impairability to commit crime, have to be able to carry it outBurglary:- Unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft - Type of burglaries:o Forcible entry – enters w/o permissiono Attempted forcible entryo Unlawful entry w/o forceo Theft is required!Larceny-Theft:- Unlawful taking or attempted taking, carrying, leading or riding away of property from the possession of another1/16/2013Part II:- Less serious crimes than I- Include:o Simple assault, DUI, prostitution, vandalism, receiving stolen property NCVS:- Began in 1972- Designed to measure “dark figure” of crime- Uses data collected by bureau of justice statistics- More than 43,000 are surveyed 2 times a year- Measures “households” touched by crime- Includes:o Rape, robbery,


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FSU CCJ 2020 - Lecture notes

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