Chapter 3—Understanding Crime and VictimizationChapter 1—Crime and Criminal JusticeMULTIPLE CHOICE1. If one of your fellow students suggested that crime is a recent social problem, you would sayA. Crime and violence have been common since the nation was first formed and are not recent social problems.B. Crime rates today are significantly higher than they were when this country was emerging as a nation.C. In a historical sense, crime peaked during Civil War times and has been diminishing since that era.D. Crime today is comparable to the lawlessness of the Old West.ANS: A REF: p. 4 OBJ: 22. The _________, created in 1919, was a professional association funded by private contributions, which was integral in getting agencies of justice to work together, and getting the work of the criminal justice system recognized. A. Chicago Crime CommissionB. American Bar Foundation CommissionC. Wickersham CommissionD. President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of JusticeANS: A REF: p. 6 OBJ: 23. The term criminal justice system was first used by the _____________ to reflect a view that justice agencies could be connected in an intricate yet often unobserved network of decision-making processes. A. Chicago Crime CommissionB. American Bar Foundation projectC. Wickersham CommissionD. President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of JusticeANS: B REF: p. 6 OBJ: 14. What are the three main components into which the contemporary criminal justice system is generally divided?A. Law enforcement, the courts, and the legislatureB. The courts, the correctional system, and the legislatureC. Law enforcement, the courts, and the correctional systemD. Law enforcement, the correctional system, and the legislatureANS: C REF: p. 8 OBJ: 45. Because some individuals are so dangerous that must be outlawed outright or regulated, the contemporary criminal justice society uses the instrument known as:A. Social Media B. Social ReportC. Social Control D. Social Adjustment ANS: C REF: p. 7 OBJ: 46. The criminal justice system is vast, employing more than 2.4 million people and costing federal, state and local governments about ______ per year, up more than 300% since 1982.A. $100 millionB. $200 millionC. $100 billionD. $200 billionANS: D REF: p. 9 OBJ: 57. Which of the following is false about corrections in the United States?A. Though crime has declined for most of the past decade, the correctional population continues to grow.B. Approximately 1.5 million juveniles are handled in juvenile courts each year.C. More than 7 million people are under some form of correctional supervision.D. It costs approximately $10,000 per year to incarcerate an inmate.ANS: D REF: p. 12 OBJ: 58. Which of the following is an extralegal factor?A. The seriousness of the chargeB. The age of the offenderC. The available evidence surrounding the offenseD. The suspect’s prior recordANS: B REF: p. 12 OBJ: 59. Which of the following is false regarding the scope of the criminal justice system?A. There are over 2 million individuals employed across the various branches of the criminal justice system.B. In law enforcement alone, there are more than 1 million individuals employed.C. There are 50,000 courts across the United States.D. There are approximately 1200 correctional institutions across the country, employing about half a million individualsANS: C REF: p. 10-12 OBJ: 510. In procedural order, which of the following comes first in the formal criminal justice process?A. BailB. Preliminary hearingC. Plea bargainD. Post releaseANS: B REF: p. 14-17 OBJ: 611. The role of police officers involves primarily the first four stages of the formal criminal justice procedures. In order, what are these steps? A. Initial contact, arrest, charging, custodyB. Initial contact, investigation, arrest, chargingC. Initial contact, investigation, arrest, custodyD. Initial contact, arrest, investigation, chargingANS: C REF: p. 12-15 OBJ: 612. When the police want to interrogate or question a suspect, the office must first advise the suspect of his/her rights. This is called a (n):A. Miranda warningB. InformationC. ChargingD. Questioning after advisementANS: A REF p. 13 OBJ: 613. Which of the following is false about the grand jury?A. It can protect citizens from false prosecution.B. It was created in 12th- century England.C. Every state uses the grand jury system.D. It is comprised of between 12 and 23 persons.ANS: C REF: p. 17 OBJ: 614. At what stage of the formal criminal justice process does the defendant enter a plea ofguilty or not guilty?A. ArraignmentB. Criminal trialC. Preliminary hearingD. Bail hearingANS: A REF: p. 15 OBJ: 615. Who is not a part of the courtroom work group?A. ProsecutorB. Defense attorneyC. Bail bondmanD. Judge ANS: C REF: p. 19 OBJ: 616. Which of the following crimes would be placed in the top layer (Layer I) of the criminal justice "wedding cake"?A. A noted celebrity is arrested for shooting her bodyguardB. A burglary occurs at a local barC. An individual is arrested for public drunkennessD. A first-time offender assaults a friendANS: A REF: p. 19-21 OBJ: 817. Which of the following is false regarding Herbert Packer’s notion of the criminal justice process as an assembly-line?A. Criminal justice is seen as a screening process where each stage is a decision point.B. Each of these decisions can have a critical impact on the defendant, the justice system, and society.C. Most people who commit crime are punished for their crime.D. The criminal justice system suffers from congestion.ANS: C REF: p. 16-17 OBJ: 718. Offenders at Level _____ of the “wedding cake” model of criminal justice have typically committed a serious offense and will receive a prison term, however will notgarner much media attention.A. IB. IIC. IIID. IVANS: B REF: p. 19-21 OBJ: 819. Which justice perspective holds that the proper role of the justice system is to preventcrime through the judicious use of criminal sanctions, and demands an efficient system that hands out tough sanctions to those who violate the law?A. Crime controlB. RehabilitationC. Due processD. Equal justiceANS: A REF: p. 21-22 OBJ: 920. The ________ perspective sees the justice system as a mechanism of caring for and treating people who cannot manage themselves, and assumes people are at the mercy of
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