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Exam 3 Study GuideHistory of Jails/ Prisons- In early jails, prisoners had to provide their own basic needs and men,women, and children were all kept in the same cell- Prisoners often died, which kept the jail population down- Walnut Street Jailo In 1790, a law requiring the renovation of this Philadelphia prison was passed o Reforms included: humane physical facilities, adequate food and water, separation of men, women, and children, and separating debtors and the mentally illo This failed b/c of overcrowding- The Eastern State Penitentiaryo Designed to be a penitentiary, which is based on the concept that inmates can be changed through reflection and penitenceo Prisoners required to learn a skill and were expected to read the bible when not exercising or workingo Guilt and remorse=rehabilitationo “Silent System”- prisoners could only talk to guardso Single-cell model improved discipline problems and practicallyeliminated corporal punishment- The Auburn Systemo Walled, max-security prisono Cells are back to back, stacked on top of each other, often 5 tiers higho Inmates worked together and prison could use their labor in profitable industries and construction projects, making the prison economically self- sufficiento Congregate work system- cells only used for sleeping o Solitary confinement- 1821, NY passed law requiring the worstinmates to be deprived of contact with othersChallenges to the Correctional System: highest incarceration rate in the world, half of those incarcerated are non-violent, causes of the highest incarceration rates in the world, the rising cost of incarcerationReasons for the Rising Cost of Incarceration- Education and Rehab Programs- the abandonment of the idea that criminality is inherited lead to more of these programs- Restrictions on Prison Made Goods and Services- during the Great Depression, many states began prohibiting the sale of convict made products- Recognition of Prisoner Rights- the idea of civil death for inmates was abandonedo Civil death- an inmate couldn’t bring a lawsuit against the stateregarding the way they were treated in prisono Warren Court- (1953-1969), period when Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren issued many landmark decisions about the rights of inmates and defendants- Number of Prisons needed has increased- Cost of Corrections- has increased by 127% in the last 20 years, $29,000/inmate, states spend 7% of their budget on corrections, costsfed gov 55 billion/yr.Native American Jails- only incarcerate Native Americans who have committed misdemeanors in their jurisdiction, hold a small number of inmates, max sentence isone year, also suffer from over-crowdingFederal Jails- hold federal inmates convicted of misdemeanors or inmates awaiting transfer, federal jail inmates can be held in local jails for a fee, can be transferred to any of the other 11 federal jails if necessary Municiple Jails- separate from the county jail and maintained by the police station, federal regulations have made it too expensive for most towns to maintain theseFunctions of Local Jails- Receive and hold inmates pending arraignment- Readmit probation, parole, and bail-bond violators - Temporarily detain juveniles before transfer to juvenile authorities- Hold mentally ill before transfer to health facilities- Hold individuals for military, protective custody, contempt, and for court as witnesses- Release after completion of sentence- Transfer inmates to other authorities- House inmates for other authorities b/c of over crowding- Relinquish custody of temporary detainees to juvenile and medical authorities - Operate day reporting, home detention, electronic monitoring, and other supervision - Hold inmates w/ short sentences (max. one year)Prison Classification System- The diagnosis of an inmate to determine what security level they should be placed in and what services they should receive - Used to enhance safety of prisons - Jails used modified form that consider less factors- ID the inmate, examine criminal record, evaluate mental stability, check gang membership, age, and education- Inmates then receive prison clothes, are searched, photographed, fingerprinted, and assigned a numberPrison Consultants- private people who counsel convicted defendants on how to present themselves during classification and how to behave in prisonPrison Populations- Mental Stability- incarceration can cause severe depression, these inmates need to be monitored. Some have serious conditions that would make them a risk to others- Substance Abuse- Age- those under 26 usually separated from older inmates - Gang Affiliation - Women have added considerations- have to be given equal treatment as males, more likely to suffer from HIV and mental illness, more oftenvictimized before incarceration than males are, families are more often broken by the incarceration of a female so they are often placed in facility near familyInstitutional Racism and Incarceration- Disproportionate Confinement: nonrandom distribution of people by race in correctional institutions- Long term Effects- large amount of African American men are disenfranchised b/c they have been convicted of felonies (46 states and D.C have this law)Federal Bureau of Prisons- Classifies prisons according to 5 security levels- Administrative Max(Florence, Colorado), High Security, Medium Security, Low Security, Min. SecurityPrivate Prisons- Purpose is to reduce cost of running and building facilities - These prisons house local, state, and federal inmates for a fee- Criticismso No actual savingso Detriments to Community- often detrimental to low income areas, which is where most of them are locatedo State liability for violation of inmates rightso Escaped prisoners a concern b/c of cost cutting measures o Question training and supervision of personnel b/c of emphasis on savingsSexual Violence in Prisons- Inmate lawsuits claim officials turn blind eye- Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003- requires development of data collections on the incidence and prevalence of sexual violence - Sanctions- perpetrator moved to solitary confinement, changed to higher security level, transfer, loses good-time credit or privilegesDiversion- alternative to trial and sentencing such as drug court, boot camp, or treatmentSuspended Sentence- term for probation, sentence based on fact that offender must serve full sentence if they violate terms of release Early Release Options- Probation- conditional release prior to serving any prison time -


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FSU CCJ 2020 - Exam 3 Study Guide

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Exam 3

Exam 3

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Exam 1

Exam 1

19 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

13 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

18 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

6 pages

Police

Police

51 pages

Exam I

Exam I

22 pages

EXAM 3

EXAM 3

20 pages

Chapter 7

Chapter 7

27 pages

EXAM 1

EXAM 1

23 pages

Chapter 1

Chapter 1

13 pages

Notes

Notes

66 pages

Chapter	1

Chapter 1

13 pages

Chapter 1

Chapter 1

13 pages

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