CCJ2020 Final Exam Study Guide Includes lecture class book notes Community corrections Use of a variety of officially ordered program based sanctions that permit convicted offenders to remain in the community under conditional supervision as an alternative to an active prison sentence o Depends less on traditional confinement options and more on correctional resources available in the community Probation Sentence of imprisonment that is suspended Conditional freedom granted by judicial officer to a convicted offender o Must meet certain conditions of behavior o Court ordered sanction o Goal is to retain some control over criminal offenders while using community programs to rehabilitate them o Most are sentenced to confinement and immediately have their sentences suspended and are remanded into the custody of an officer Usually their probation officer Probation conditions Must agree to abide by court mandated conditions o Violation can lead to probation revocation General conditions o Apply to all probationers in a given o jurisdiction Required to pay a fine to the court usually in a series of installments Used to reimburse victims for damages and to pay lawyer fees and other court costs Specific conditions o o If a probationer is in need of particular guidance or control Depends on nature of offense Judge can also place other special individualized conditions Parole Supervised early release of inmates from correctional confinement Purpose is to return offenders gradually to productive lives o Act as a stimulus for positive behavioral change Prisoner reentry strategy that differs from probation in both purpose and implementation Reentry o Parole board Individual is released from prison and returns to the community o Often hard to find housing and jobs State paroling authority o o Decide when an offender is ready for conditional release Medical parole o Early release for people considered low risk due to serious mental or physical health conditions Parole revocation o Happens when parolee doesn t conform to the conditions of their parole Advantages of probation and parole Lower cost Increased employment Offenders can contribute to economy Restitution Community support Increased use of community services Increased opportunity for rehabilitation Disadvantages of probation and parole Lack of punishment Risk to community Increased social costs Intermediate sanctions Use of several community based correctional sanctions in lieu of other more traditional sanctions prison fines Philosophy when judges are offered well planned alternatives the likelihood of a prison sentence is reduced Three distinct advantages o o o Less expensive to operate per offender than imprisonment Socially cost effective Provide flexibility Resources Time of involvement Place of service Split sentencing Explicitly requiring the convicted offender to serve a period of confinement in a facility followed by a period of probation Not available in all jurisdictions Shock probation Resembles split sentencing Offender serves a short period of time in custody prison not jail and is released on probation by court order MUST APPLY for probationary release cannot be certain of the judge s decision o Decision comes as a shock Shock parole Administrative decision ordered by a paroling authority parole board o May order inmate s early release Brief exposure to prison has reoriented the offenders life Shock incarceration Sentencing option that makes use of boot camp prisons to impress on convicted offenders the realities of prison life Provides highly well ordered environments involving strict discipline physical training and hard labor o Evidence focused on 8 states o o Showed they are perceived as tough on crime Impact is insignificant Mixed sentencing Community service Requires that convicted offenders serve weekends in jail while undergoing probationary supervision in the community o Other types require them to participate in treatment or community service while on probation Alternative that requires offenders to spend part of their time working for a community agency o Performed during the hours they are permitted to be away Participants are usually minor criminals drunk drivers and youthful offenders Form of supervision involving frequent face to face interaction Stictist form of probation for adults in the US Designed to achieve control in a community setting for those who would otherwise go to prison Caseloads are much lower than national average o o Intensive probation Home confinement Referred to as house arrest Sentence imposed by court in which offenders are legally odered to remain confined to their own home Remote location monitoring o Computerized system of electronic water proof shock resistance transmitting device o Worn on ankle o 24 hours a day Lex talionis o Flogging 210 BCE Concept of retaliation o o o Whatever crime you committed your punishment is very close to it Eye for an eye o One of the earliest known punishments o Offenders are being whipped as punishment Traveled from the colonies Still being used in other countries Steal a loaf of bread your hand gets cut off o Done to deter offenders o o Mutilation o Branding o Heat up steel push into body o Identify repeat offenders Public humiliation Still do this today o o Way for the community to punish the offender Put them outside citizens can throw tomatoes Exile Workhouses Sending criminals away o o Australia o More for vagrants than criminals Homeless people Teaches them how to do hard labor Provided them food and shelter o Not criminals Jails characteristics populations purposes Know original purpose hold criminals short term to hold them until trial Serve these purposes o o o o o Receive individuals pending arraignment and hold them until trial conviction or sentencing Readmit probation parole and bail bond violators and absconders Temporarily detain juveniles mentally ill and others pending transfers to appropriate facilities o Hold individuals for military protective custody contempt and for courts as witnesses Release convicted inmates to the community upon completion of their sentence Transfer inmates to federal state or other authorities Prisons o House inmates for federal state or other authorities because of overcrowding o Operate community based programs with day reporting home detection etc o Hold inmates sentences to short terms less than 1 year Started as a humanitarian alternate to corporal punishment o o Instead of just killing everyone
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