NUTR 2030 2 18 15 Fat Soluble Vitamins Greater risk of toxicity storage in the liver and body fat can lead to liver failure can lead to excess body fat Insoluble in water they need a fat medium Require bile and fat for digestion which requires fat intake Fat soluble vitamins include Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Human fat fat marbled in steak butter etc all appear to have a yellowish color because of the Vitamin A pigmentation Vitamin A Functions 1 Vision stimulates rods to function effectively helps to see in the dark does not actually help with near sightedness or far sightedness 2 Protein synthesis and cell differentiation skin integrity retinol is a vitamin A compound found in acne medications and wrinkle creams Immune support 3 4 Antioxidant Dietary Forms of Vitamin A 1 Retinoids retinol retinal retinoic acid retinyl ester active Vitamin A 2 Carotenoids provitamin A converted to retinol Beta carotene most abundant and greatest activity Alpha carotene Beta cryptoxanthin Non Provitamin A lycopene lutein zeaxanthin Vitamin A Intake Food sources Retinoids primarily foods of animal origin Carotenoids red orange yellow and green produce Deficiency Night blindness and skin kertinization calluses on random parts of the body Toxicity Problem with active A not beta carotene Carotene toxicity yellowing of skin Active vitamin A birth defects teratogenic Vitamin D Calciferol Sources sun dairy fortified foods fatty fish mushrooms A steroid hormone need cholesterol for synthesis Forms ergocalciferol vitamin D2 plants cholecalciferol vitamin D3 skin of animals calcidiol 25 OH D3 liver calcitriol 1 25 OH 2 D3 active form kidneys
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