NUTR 2030 4 6 15 Body Composition and Energy Balance Components of Body Weight Body Weight sum of all body components Fat Mass FM vs Fat Free Mass FFM FM any type of fat within the body White adipose tissue 99 99 5 of fat in the body Brown adipose tissue more common in infants less than 1 Brown adipose tissue is more metabolically active and has mitochondria Fat Mass Adipose Tissue Location subcutaneous fat vs visceral fat Subcutaneous fat fat that you can feel on your body Visceral fat fat around and in the body s vital organs Visceral fat is more damaging to health Adipocyte fat cell Fat cells can increase in size when people gain weight and decrease in size when people lose weight Hypertrophy vs Hyperplasia Hypertrophy gain in size fill with fat Hyperplasia creation of new fat cells when the existing ones are full and there is nowhere else to store fat Fat cells can rupture body will send in white blood cells to heal the area pro inflammatory this causes more fat cells to be created We have to have fat for cell function hormone production to cover our nerve cells Essential fat Athletes Men 2 5 body fat Women 10 13 body fat Men 6 13 body fat Women 14 20 body fat Fitness Men 14 17 Women 21 24 Acceptable Men 18 24 Women 25 31 Obesity Men 32 Women 25 Measuring body composition Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis BIA electric current will pass through certain components of the body and will be resistant through others muscle and body water electricity will easily flow fat electricity does not flow final output will give you body fat and muscle mass predictions Fat free mass a combination of muscle bone and water in the body Lean body mass muscle tissue higher in men than women decreases with age the only way to increase lean body mass is with exercise people become less active so they can t maintain what they had or gain more primary determinant of resting metabolic rate your metabolism at rest Fat Distribution Men store fat towards the upper part of the body and start to look like an apple Android apple shaped Male hormones are called androgens Higher lipoprotein lipase action in abdomen mostly visceral Highest association with health risks Women store fat more toward the lower body and start to look like a pear Gynoid pear shaped Higher lipoprotein lipase action in glutofemoral area hips and thighs Hardest fat to lose mostly subcutaneous
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