NUTR 2030 2 23 15 TopHat Questions 1 Which fat soluble vitamin is nicknamed the sunshine vitamin encase the body is able to produce it from rays of sun Vitamin D 2 Which form of vitamin A is the active form that is absorbed from dairy products and butter Retinol 3 Good dietary source of beta carotene Pumpkin 4 Which two vitamins play important roles in the production and maintanence of healthy skin cells Vitamin A Vitamin C 5 Which form of Vitamin D is obtained by eating animal products such as dairy and fatty fish Cholecalciferol 6 What two body organs play key roles in the conversion of dietary and sun produced vitamin D to active vitamin D in the body liver and kidneys Vitamin D Functions Target organs intestines bone kidneys 1 Bone growth regulates blood calcium concentration a enhances calcium absorption from SI b c stimulates calcium release from bone increases calcium reabsorption by kidneys 2 Down regulation of body processes immune system autoimmune disorders lower blood pressure stimulates insulin secretion a b c cancer prevention Vitamin D Intake Dietary food and or supplements adult RDA 600 IU 3 cups of dairy per day older adult RDA 800 IU adult UL 4000 IU seems safe up to 10 000 IU 30 minutes in sunshine provides adequate amount more time in the sun increases risk of skin cancer wear sunscreen consider skin coloration dark vs light skin dark skin pigmentation is protective against UV rays from penetrating the skin to excess so individuals with darker skin pigmentation are at increased risk for vitamin D deficiency consider earth s latitude season consider typical industrialized lifestyle spend a lot of time inside with work school etc Vitamin D Deficiency Conditions of deficiency Vitamin D deficiency leads to calcium deficiency Bone disorders include rickets bow legs osteomalacia osteoporosis Other disorders that can occur include SAD Seasonal Affective Disorder during the winter months people develop seasonal depression Type 2 Diabetes obesity Inflammatory Bowel Diseases fat malabsorption breast fed infants Vitamin D Deficiency Considerations of deficiency What are we actually measuring Calcidiol What is considered normal 30 74 ng mL What is considered low 20 ng mL What is optimal for health Remains unclear we don t know the exact amount that should be in the blood stream Benefit of supplementation also remains questionable unknown Vitamin E Alpha tocopherol is the most biologically active form Food sources plaint oils foods from plant oils bran and wheat germ leafy green vegetables nuts and seeds Can be oxidized with exposure to air light and heat Vitamin E Functions health 1 Antioxidant maintains cell membrane integrity promotes cardiovascular 2 Reduce cholesterol metabolism 3 Reduces tumor growth and cell proliferation 4 Reduces platelet aggregation and promote vasodilation Vitamin K Sources Forms Food leafy green vegetables Can be synthesized by bacteria in GI tract Vitamin K1 Phylloquinones synthesis by green plants Vitamin K2 Menaquinones synthesis by bacteria Vitamin K3 Menadiones synthetic from supplements Vitamin K Functions 1 Blood Coagulation blood clotting in the liver helps produce four vitamin K dependent clotting factors 2 Bone Formation synthesis of bone proteins Vitamin K Deficiency bleeding excessively hemophilia Toxicity excessive clotting Clinical Application Coumadin warfarin blood thinner reduces the risk of excess clots in bloodstream medication prescribed to CVD patients to reduce clotting key consistent vitamin K intake Minerals Calcium Food sources dairy the best source sardines fortified foods 300 mg 30 of daily value 1 cup of yogurt 1 5 ounces of cheddar cheese 8 fl oz of milk 1 5 cups of cooked kale 2 25 cups of cooked broccoli 8 cups of cooked spinach
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