Broiler Nutrition - Nutrientso Most important nutrient water duh. Do they have enough water and is it clean/ good quality o Energy/calories metabolizable energy (ME kcal/lb) Most costly nutrient in the diet o Amino acids- total and digestible- DAA drive Crude protein level; key amino acids are methionine + cysteine (TSAA), lysine, threonine, isoleucine, valine, tryptophan. The 2nd most costly nutrient in the diet (especially in poultry) Sulfur (high in the amino acids)- needed for feathers etc Lysine- meat production o Minerals- sodium, chloride, calcium and available phosphorus (macro); zinc, manganese, iron, copper, iodine, selenium Calcium is the 3rd most expensive aspect of the diet Premix- usually o Vitamins- A, D, E, K (fat soluble); B vitamins including choline - Nutrient requirements of the birdo Vary by age, strain and other conditions (are they old, pregnant etc.) o Strains- two types of genetics used for the birds that are needed Abygano Energy/calories (ME) increase with age o Amino acids (crude protein), minerals and vitamins decrease with age They eat more as they get oldero Due to this principle, several diets are used over the life of the broiler depending on market age, product mix (while bird vs. deboned) and limitations of the feed mill How many different ingredients can the feed mill use in a mix they can be limited to this and they cant store it so they cant make it - Feed ingredients- energyo Primary- cereal grains and fats Corn – mainly what the US use Wheat – mainly what broilers all over the rest of the world are grown on- High on proteins Milo- low tannin Fats – oil etc- Don’t forget that it is the consumer that drives what we end up feeding our animals so we are beginning to see diets with out animal fats etc- THERE ARE NO ANTIBOTICS IN CHICKENS AND NO HORMONES. CHICKENS ARE BIG THESE DAYS BECAUSE OF GENETICS AND GOOD NUTRITIONo Secondary- oilseed meals, by-products and animal proteins Soybean meal Canola meal (Canada) DDG’s from ethanol production Bakery meals- quality is important (high in energy and high in fat) Meat and bone meal & animal protein blends- The controversy is really a chicken eating a chicken - It all drives cost this is cheaper for the consumer vs. a vegetarian diet.- Feed ingredients – amino acids/CPo Primary- oilseed meals Soybean meal Canola meal Meat bone meal & animal protein by-products- Mainly made up of the lysine (but what really is digestible) Added amino acids- in their pure forms - Lysine (liquid and dry; Lys HCL or Biolys)- Methionine (liquid and dry; methionine analog or DL-methionine) - Threonine (dry) o Secondary- cereal grains and by-products Corn Wheat DDG’s- Feed ingredients- mineral & vitaminso Macro minerals sodium, chloride, calcium and phosphorus Salt- sodium and chloride (S-Carb) Limestone- calcium carbonate Phosphates- defluorinated phosphate, Nexphoso Trace minerals & vitamins Trace mineral premix- bioavailable Vitamin premix and choline/betaine - Feed formulation o Use linear programing (least-cost) to find the best cost formula given the ingredient make-up and nutrient requirements We are all judge on cost we want a smaller cost so that the bottom line is bigger o Weight/space is a “nutrient”- must assess the impact of the additive on final ingredient make-up and cost of the diet. When you add something you have to take something outo Example- shown in class Ingredients but no nutrient requirements but weight- 100% limestone Add energy minimum- corn, fat, maybe some meat and bone meal Add CP minimum- soybean meal, and DDG’s Add amino acids- Reading feed formulas & batch sheetso “Left-side”- list of ingredients in the formula with mins, maxes, shadow pricesand rejected ingredientso “Right-side”- nutrient mins and maxes set for nutrient requirements of the broiler- primarily ageo Batch sheet- ingredient levels from formula based on 2000 lbs increased to mixer sizenew slide set - Primary criteria o What’s the priceo What do I get out of using it - Consider the value chain o Who is your most important customer in all of this The animal o Feed mill- what they are actually capable of doing o Feed formulationo Technical data and trials o People - Economic validation by the birdo Additive must be priced to lower the feed cost per pound of meat/dozen eggs or increase yield, which the birds will tell us. Strain and bird size needs to be considered. o Consistency and reliability of product performance will be key o Is the additive is another “me too” additive and if so they will be defined as a commodity o Does the bird need the additive ex. MET o Differentiate and investigate how products work individually or with other products - Feed mill o Package sizeo Dosage rate Magnitude Constant or variableo Mixability o Stability of additive
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