EXAM 4 STUDY GUIDE Probation Parole Community Corrections sentencing style that depends less on traditional confinement options and more on correctional resources available in the community remain in community under supervision Probation Parole Intermediate sanction Probation and Parole What is probation o A sentence of imprisonment that is suspended o Conditional freedom granted by a judicial officer o As long as person meets certain conditions of behavior o Probation Conditions If violate probation revocation 2 types General fine all probationers Specific hand of license warrantless searches drug tests Parole o Parole supervised early release of inmates from correctional confinement Not really common anymore o Parole Vs Probation Prisoner reentry strategy that differs from probation in both purpose and implementation Serving Time Who gives it Probationers avoid serving time in prison Parolees have already been incarcerated Probation is available for a judge who determines the form of probation Parolee is an administrative decision by a legally designated paroling authority What kind of strategy Probation sentencing strategy Parole corrections strategy o Purpose of Parole To return offenders gradually to productive lives By making early release possible parole can act as a stimulus for positive behavior change o Parole revocation o Parole Decision Making Mechanisms Parole Boards Administrative action of paroling authority removing a person from parole status in response to a violation of lawfully required conditions of parole Grant parole based on their judgment and assessment The parole board s decisions are termed discretionary parole Mandatory Parole Statutory Release They make mandatory parole Release dates usually set near the end of prison sentence minus time 15 states have abolished discretionary release from prison by a off for good behavior parole board As a result statutory release is the most common release from prison cuz it requires brief mandatory period of post release supervision Early release option available in some states under which an inmate who is deemed low risk due to a serious physical or mental health condition is released from prison earlier than he or she might have been under normal circumstance Medical Parole Advantages of Probation and Parole o Lower Cost o Increased Employment o Offenders who are released can contribute to the free economy when employed outside of prison o Restitution o Community Support o Increased use of community services o Increased opportunity for Rehabilitation Disadvantage of Probation and Parole o Lack of punishment o When a convicted offender is released to the community or probation or parole it poses a risk to the community o Increased social costs Intermediate Sanctions Community Corrections o The use of a variety of officially ordered program based sanctions that permit convicted offenders to remain in the community under conditional supervision as an alternative to an active prison sentence o Type of sentencing style o Depends less on traditional confinement and more on correctional resources available in the community Intermediate Sanctions o The use of split sentencing shock probation or parole shock incarceration community service intensive supervision or home confinement in lieu of other more traditional sanctions such as imprisonment and fines o The person did commit a crime but prison jail isn t the best option o Philosophy behind it When judges are offered well planned alternatives to imprisonment for offender who appear to represent little or no continuing threat to the community the likelihood of a prison sentence is reduced o 3 Advantages 1 They are less expensive to operate per offender than imprisonment 2 They are socially cost effective cuz they keep them in the community 3 They provide flexibility in terms of Resources Time of involvement Place of service o 3 Things in Intermediate Sanctions Split Sentencing Offender has to serve a period of time in a facility then a time of probation Not available in all jurisdictions Usually 90 days in jail then 2 years of supervised probation Usually minor drug offenders Shock Probation o Like split sentencing o Diff in shock probation clients must apply for probationary release from confinement and cant be certain of the judges decision o That s why it s called shock Parole o Like shock probation in that it s an admin decision o The admin in this case is the parole board Shock Incarceration Sentencing option Provides well ordered environment strict discipline physical training Like a boot camp Impresses upon convicted offenders the realities of prison life and hard labor For 1st time offenders If u fail go back to prison for longer Short 90 120 days 3 4 months Evidence of Shock Incarceration o Studied bootcamps in 8 states o Found Bootcamp programs have high population Cuz seen as tough on crimes NO EFFECT ON RECIDIVISM could possibly increase recidivism Mixed Sentencing o Requires that convicted offenders serve weekends in a confinement facility while undergoing probationary supervision in the community o Could require the offender to participate in treatment or community service programs while on probation o Cuz you have a job you cant go to jail Community Service o An alternative that requires offenders to spend at least part of their time working for a community agency o Offenders can be sentencing to community service activities that are performed during they hrs they are permitted to be away o Usually minor criminals drunk drivers and youthful offenders o Ex Goodwill o Problems with this Doesn t really accomplish anything We don t know the purpose Don t know if it decreases recidivism Don t know if it is really a deterrent IPS Intensive Probation Supervision o A form of probation supervision involving frequent face to face contact o Strictest form of probation for adults in the US o We really gonna watch you o Designed to achieve control in a community setting over offenders who would otherwise go to prison Home Confinement disturbia o IPS caseloads are much lower than the national average of probation caseloads o Aka house arrest o Offenders are legally ordered to remain confined to their own residences o Make use of a system of remote location monitoring Via a computerized system of electronic water proof shock resistant transmitting device around the ankle 24 hrs a day o Big ass device doesn t fit on counter o Doesn t notify police just parole officer
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