Incarceration USA has the highest incarceration rate in the world Prisoner incarceration cost is 638 00 per prisoner per day State local and federal costs are increasing but state s cost is inflating Unit 3 Intro to Criminal Justice extremely Operations Induction Initial placement Typical day in prison Prison environment Culture Sexual assault Gang activity Health Cost Drug treatment Nutrition HIV AIDS Mental health Special Populations Women The elderly Mentally ill offenders John Augustus went into a court room and convinced them to let a drunk into his care to reform him probation Alexander Maconochie developed a system of rewards for good behavior parole Sir Walter Craftan thought the prison system should be more of a reform system he used tickets parole Unit 3 Minorities Drug addicts Broken families Probation and Parole Brief history Other release options Diversion Mandatory release Pardon Communication of sentence Good time release Why use early release Cost of incarceration What is the difference Parole Correctional budget diverts resources from other social institutions Unit 3 The release of an inmate before his or her maximum sentence Is the conditional release of a convicted offender prior to his or her serving any prison time has been served Probation Some similarities Supervision Consequences Community perception Probation operation Who grants probation Judges Based on what Presentence investigation report Who supervises the probationer Probation officer What happens if probation is revoked Reasons include Testing positive for drugs Possessing weapons Committing a new crime Losing a job Failing to complete a treatment program Pros and cons of probation Unit 3 Pros Cheaper than incarceration Sentences vary from judge to judge Promotes rehabilitation through employment Employment offers offenders means to support themselves Cons Fear of further criminal activity Actual reoffending common Lack of punishment Parole operation Who grants parole Board made up of civilians Based on what Public opinion Who supervises the parolee Parole officer What happens if parole is revoked Reincarceration because of No firearms Psychological treatment No drugs No crimes Probationers are entitles to a lawyer at revocation hearing parolees are not Unit 3 Pros and cons of parole Pros Cons Community Corrections What are some barriers to reentry Many return to their initial community Diminished support services Education Vocational skills Stigma Parole conditions Cost Overcrowding Why use community corrections Return to rehabilitative behavior Community based corrections Sanctions that are alternatives to incarceration Boot camp House arrest Community service Electronic monitoring Unit 3 Supervision in the community after a sentence of incarceration has been served Community based intermediate sanctions Correctional punishments other than incarceration Designed to promote reentry Intensive probation supervision IPS Split sentencing An intermediate sanction where after a brief period of imprisonment the judge brings the offender back to court and offers the option of probation Shock probation A sentence for a first time nonviolent offender who was not expecting a sentence intended to impress on the offender the possible consequences of his or her behavior by being exposed to a brief period of imprisonment before probation Boot camps Home confinement with electronic monitoring Review Page 289 in textbook IPS conditions of supervision Shock Incarceration Boot camps Form of probation supervised by probation and parole officers with smaller caseloads placing a greater emphasis on compliance with the Unit 3 Shock incarceration programs adapt military style physical fitness and discipline training to the correctional environment as in basic training in military boot camp Three generations Scared straight Treatment and education Therapeutic aftercare Evidence is mixed Education Release A program in which inmates are released to attend college or vocational programs When educational release is a part of an inmate s parole plan the inmate is required to attend a vocational training program community college or university rather than go to a full time job Pell grants Halfway houses community in steps Day Reporting Centers A transition program that allows inmates to move from prison to the An intermediate sanction to provide a gradual adjustment to reentry under closely supervised conditions Drug Courts Unit 3 An approach that provides drug offenders the opportunity for intermediate sanctions community treatment and intensive probation supervision instead of prison time The main purpose of drug court is To get offenders clean and sober To compel offenders to participate in a comprehensive treatment program while being monitored under strict conditions for drug use Almost all drug courts require participants to do the following Tribal drug courts Designed to deal with unique problems of crime on Native American May use traditional treatment processes involving tribal elders Obtain a GED reservations traditional healing Homeland Security Tactics Terrorism is a strategy Random attacks Attack civilians Unit 3 Symbolic structures Use of media Fear Terrorism Post 9 11 President Bush declared war on terrorism and began pursuing a two pronged strategy of Aggressive use of military overseas Greater reliance on federal agencies in responding to terrorism on U S soil Emphasis on prevention New powers for federal agencies USA Patriot Act Creation of new federal agencies Federal agencies focus primarily on fighting terrorism Suspension of certain civil rights of accused terrorists USA Patriot Act Quickly passed by Congress by an overwhelming majority Authority of federal law enforcement agents impact on criminal Authorized expanded search power required less judicial oversight of these search powers and in some cases allowed secrecy concerning justice the search Enemy Combatant Executive Order Unit 3 Issued by President Bush rights Provides for the detention of terrorists without access to due process Status is similar to that of enemy spies Detained in a military prison without charges without access to an attorney without access to the civilian courts and without protection of constitutional rights Department of Homeland Security Created in 1992 as a new federal agency responsible for a wide range Homeland Security formally came into being as a stand alone Primary mission is to protect the homeland of the U S
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