CCJ 2020 Introduction to Criminal Justice Study Guide Exam 3 FINAL Exam 3 will not be cumulative You will be responsible for Chapters 10 11 and 12 Lectures 9 10 and 11 Topics to focus on Corrections Prison vs Jail 1 Prisons Longer period of time incarceration Many inmates don t have a HS diploma some are considered illiterate many have never had a job most are addicted to drugs most have mental health issues MANY are parents which leaves their children as orphans and creates a never ending cycle most of the time those kids will end up in prison as well Main crimes Drug law violations violence Great American Crime Decline a large decrease in crime rates from 1991 2001 Could have declined because Idea of Imprisonment if everyone is already locked up there will be a decrease A B Aged out of Crime by the time the inmates get out of jail they will have outgrown the desire to commit crimes C Demographics our economy was high at the time but so was Canada s and their crime didn t decline But incarceration rates increased because A War on Drugs B High tolerance for crime C Change of sentencing terms D Technical violations Race Statistics 2 The typical prisoner African American male 17 of all African Americans have or will serve time Jails HUGE AND TAKING OVER less incarceration time Most people within the jail aren t even sentenced yet they are between trials Short term confinement locally operated suspects are held here while waiting for trial temporary holding until transported to the correct facility or overcrowding 60 are just waiting not sentenced Main crimes Drug Trafficking Assault Drug Dealing and Larceny Often old buildings that cannot keep up with modern technology Considered Shame of the CJ system Future of Jails Quality of life improvements 1 Adding Treatment Programs 2 3 Regional Jails 4 State Jail Standards where the police and sheriff department work together to share funds and Jail Industries Inmate Staffing prevents overlapping Metro combined jurisdiction prevents the jail from being sued by inmates 8th Amendment Cruel and Unusual Punishment EX Tool Control prevention of riots and only allowing certain number of knifes out Created minimum safety requirements mandatory in 25 states Populations and overcrowding Leads to overcrowding Population has drastically increased through the years 1 st cap on Harris County Jail Texas they failed to release the original amount by the certain date Security Levels this jail was forced to release 250 inmates because 1 Maximum Little to no freedom High fences thick walls secure cells and the inmate living facilities is located at the center of the prison Have modern technology they use old buildings but convert them into modern prisons usually Death row are often held here or super max prisons 2 Medium Receive more freedom than maximum the buildings still look the same for the most part and are often on the same complex Use the count system a head count of inmates at certain times Ward like housing where many people are in one room bunk bed style dorm style 3 Minimum Work camps or annex Lots of freedom can purchase things at the canteen Most have jobs so a count system isn t necessary because if someone goes missing it is easy to recognize Often serious crime committers can be found in a minimum security level because it usually depends on behavior If they behave well they can be moved down gradually Private Prisons Prison operated by a private company States have gradually begun to contract with private firms to provide a full range of custodial and correctional services Used commonly when public prisons overcrowd Hurdles of Privatization A Strikes B Richardson v McKnight the employees of private prisons are not immune to the same rules of public employees Inmates originally tried to sue the prisons against the 8th Amendment C Reasons TO Privatize A Provide construction financing options B Cost Benefit Considerations instead of just using old buildings C Private prisons take less time to build new facilities D Convenience of one entity for all compliance issues one for all E Can mobilize quickly Employees can specialize and adapt quickly to changes F Economic development opportunities Local resources for purchase hire G Reduce share liability exposure Can share the blame if any problems arise H The Government can retain flexibility Reasons NOT TO Privatize handle A Government responsibility There are certain things ONLY the government should B There are few private companies available C They are inexperienced with key correctional issues D Can become a monopoly Political integration favoritism E Inhibit proper performance of correctional duties Private prisons tend to cut corners It is a slow inefficient and risky start F G Contract negotiations are difficult H Lawsuits the only enforcement remedy 1 External Prison classifications SHOULD GO risk Based on where the inmate which security level which institution max medium or min All based on that individual type of defense perceived dangerousness and their escape Determines which security level they go to 2 Internal Once the inmate is already in the institution the appropriate housing plan bed assignment or exact wing of that institution will be determined along with program interventions Group individuals based on their crime such as the drug wing murderer s wing etc Prison subculture Prisonization socialization of new inmates into prison life How inmates act their norms attitude roles etc Criminal culture vs reflections of the total institution Reflection of just the inmate or the whole prison Underground rules of the prison code NO snitching prisoner homosexuality etc Prison Rape is actually pretty common and is becoming an issue Often an older inmate Prison Rape Elimination Act PREA will take a younger one under his wing Statistics to survey jails and prisons to determine the prevalence of sexual violence within correctional facilities Signed by George Bush the community wanted a more accurate statistic of how often prison rape occurs The result was relatively often but because of the underground code this statistic most likely is less than the actual occurance An act that required the Bureau of Justice Probation and Parole Probation Parole Suspended Sentence Front end where someone goes before jail time Opportunity to behave in the community if bad THEN jail Most common form of criminal sentencing in the US A JUDGE DECIDES USED AS A SENTENCE Back end serve a portion of your sentence
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