1 The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is Nitrogen 2 How and why does temperature vary with altitude within the troposhphere temperature decreases as you go higher 3 Where is the solar radiation per unit area the greatest at the 90 degree marker on earth 4 The gain and losses of solar energy on earth are known as earths s heat budget ozone 5 Which of the following protects the earth s surface from ultraviolet radiation 6 Earth s surface winds are caused by air moving from a region of to a region of high pressure low pressure 9 Wind belts that slow from east to west over most of the areas between 30 degrees North and 30 7 Which of the following is considered a greenhouse gas carbon dioxide 8 How does the earth s rotation effect the wind modifies its direction degrees South are called north west 10 The coriolis effect arises primarily from the rotation of earth around its axis 11 The coriolis effect Deflects to the right in the northern hemisphere Deflects to the left in the southern hemisphere Has no effect at equator 12 A rapid change in temperature with depth is called a thermocline 13 The isothermal surface layer maintained by turbulence caused by waves and wind is called what mixed layer isopycnal downwelling 15 Differences in water temperature and salinity causes differences in water density and can set 14 Which of the following will increase the density of water increase salinity decrease salinity water masses in motion What is this called thermocline circulation 16 What term refers to a water layer with constant density 17 What is the process that transports oxygen rich surface water to depth 18 What is a water mass a large body of water with similar values of both salinity and temperature 19 In the northern hemisphere what will be the mean direction and flow of the water columns due to Ekman transport 90 degrees to the right 45 degrees to the left western upwelling high California 20 In the southern hemisphere what will be the direction of the surface water due to this wind 21 What drives and shapes the major ocean gyres trade winds westerlies coriolis effect land mass 22 Currents are more intense on the side of the north pacific and north atlantic oceans 23 A zone of surface divergence is an area of and biological productivity 24 Which current flows south along the west coast of the U S 25 How does the Antarctic circumpolar current flow all the way around Antarctica there are no land masses to block its path 26 Wind driven surface currents move at a speed that is the average driving wind speed 27 What measurements are necessary to define a current one one hundredth speed direction 28 Eddies persist for long periods of time mix water lose energy to turbulence and friction stir up bottom sediments 29 Where does water sink and enter the Great Ocean Conveyor Belt north atlantic Antarctic 30 What is it called when surface waters are driven together convergence 31 What instrument can be used to measure currents Doppler meter drift bottles current meters 32 How can you calculate wavespeed wavelength period 33 What are deep water waves where the depth is greater than the wave base 34 The speed of a shallow water wave depends on what depth 35 If you were a submarine commander and wanted to go deep enough that your ship would not feel the effect of a storm wave that has 200 meter wavelength how deep would you have to dive at least 100 meters 36 A group of waves is propagated at a speed that is the speed of individual waves in deep water one half height 37 The average energy of a wave is related to the square of its 38 Wave height of wind generated waves depends on windspeed and direction fetch extend size of region 39 A water wave reaches an unstable breaking point when the steepness ratio H L reaches 1 7 43 Water protected from direct wave influence behind a breakwater can be placed in motion by 40 What happens when waves approach each other in phase the waves will combine resulting in a bigger wave 41 Why do breakers form as waves approach shallow water orbital motion is slowed and compressed 42 Wave refraction is explained by which of the following the bending of waves in the shallow water wave diffraction plunger seiches 44 Wave refraction results in Wave energy focusing on headlands Wave energy decreasing in bays 45 What kind of breaker will form in a steep beach slope 46 Standing waves that occur in natural busing are called what 47 Why do tsunami waves always behave as shallow water waves because nowhere is it deep enough for it to be a shallow water wave 48 Tsunamis can result from which of the following earthquakes submarine landslides large meteor impacts volcanic eruptions 49 Waves occurring at the interference between water layers of different density such as seawater and fresh water are called internal waves 50 In a standing wave the positions where there is maximum vertical motion are called antinodes 51 If the earth were made up of only water where would you expect to find the strongest tidal forces directly beneath and opposite the moon 52 What happens to a tide when the moon and sun are on the same side of earth you get a spring tide 53 If a point on the coast experiences a semidiurnal tide what does the daily tide record show 2 high 2 low but they are the same height
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