OCE 1001 Study Guide What are the 3 domains of life Ch 12 Section The Three Domains of Life What marine organism represents the vast majority of the ocean s biomass Ch 12 Section How Are Marine Organisms Classified Plankton are organisms that float Why is a copepod which can swim and propel itself through the water classified as plankton Ch 12 Section Plankton Because of its small size it cannot swim very fast Organisms that can photosynthesize and produce their own food are called what Ch 12 Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Lecture 1 Plankton Section Plankton Autotrophic Section Plankton Meroplankton Organisms that only spend part of their life cycle as plankton are referred to as what Ch 12 What are nektobenthos Ch 12 Section Benthos They live on the bottom yet also have the ability to swim or crawl through the water above the ocean floor What is the primary factor that limits life on the deep ocean floor Ch 12 Section Benthos There is no sunlight so no photosynthesis can occur Sparse food supply Of Earth s total number of species why are the fewest in the marine pelagic realm Ch 12 Section How Many Marine Species Exist It is a watery world that is quite uniform from one region to the next and does not experience extreme environmental variability to which organisms need to be adapted in order to survive Uniform conditions in the pelagic realm make fewer specialized environments for organism adaptation as different species Why is the surface area to volume ratio important for phytoplankton Ch 12 Section Water s Viscosity Phytoplankton cannot propel themselves so they use the frictional resistance to maintain their general position near the surface of the water A larger ratio provides higher resistance to sinking and less energy used to stay afloat Why do most fish and marine mammals have the same torpedo like streamlined shape Ch 12 Section Water s Viscosity It enables efficient movement in water by allowing a marine organism s body to produce as little stress as possible as it moves through and displaces water The streamlined shape minimizes energy expended to move throught the water Lecture 2 Most fresh water fish are hypertonic meaning their body cells contain more salt than the surrounding water Since osmosis should push water into their cells why don t they explode Ch 12 Section Salinity Freshwater fish do not drink water and their cells have the capacity to absorb salt They also excrete large volumes of very dilute urine to reduce the amount of water in their cells What is the primary difference between pelagic environment zones below the photic zone Ch 12 Section What Are Living Things and How Are They Classified The pelagic zones determine where life is going to be lived but the photic zones determine the distribution of life Increasing pressure with increasing depth What are the reasons the ocean has a smaller daily seasonal and annual temperature range than that experienced on land Ch 12 Section Temperature Heat capacity of water is much higher than that of land the warming of the ocean is reduced because of evaporation radiation received at the surface of the ocean can penetrate several tons of meters deep and distribute its energy throughout a very large mass and water has good mixing mechanisms What is the definition of eurythermal Ch 12 Section Temperature Organisms that are not affected by different temperatures and can withstand large and even rapid changes in temperature Freshwater fish are isotonic hypertonic or hypotonic relative to their environment Ch 12 Section Salinity Hypertonic How does water pressure change with depth Ch 12 Section Pressure The pressure continues to increase with depth What is the euphotic zone Ch 12 Section What are the main divisions of the marine environment It accounts for only 2 5 of the marine environment It extends from the surface to a depth where enough light still exists to support photosynthesis What are the 4 biozones of the oceanic province Ch 12 Section What are the main divisions of the marine environment epipelagic mesopelagic bathypelagic and abyssopelagic What is the neritic province Ch 12 Section What are the main divisions of the marine environment It extends from the shore seaward and includes all water less than 200 meters deep What is the deepest zone of the suboceanic province Ch 12 Section Benthic Environment The Hadal zone extends below 6000 meters 20 000 feet Lecture 3 Biological oceanographers discuss about biomass frequently Just what is biomass Ch 13 Section What is Primary Productivity Biomass is the mass of living organisms the total mass of all organisms of a given class What is the difference between gross primary productivity and net primary productivity Ch 13 Section What Kind of Photosynthetic Marine Organisms Exist Gross productivity is the amount of organic carbon created by photosynthesis per unit of time and net is the gross minus the amount of organic carbon consumed by the photosynthesizes What are the two primary factors that control biologic productivity in the surface oceans Ch 13 Section Factors Affecting Primary Productivity The availability of nutrients and solar radiation What is the biological pump Ch 13 Section How Does Regional Productivity Vary It is the process of removing material from euphotic zone to the sea floor Why is upwelling such an important factor in creating areas of high biologic productivity Ch 13 Section How Does Regional Productivity Vary When chilled water from below the surface rises it hoists nutrients from the depths to the surface where phytoplankton thrive and food for larger organisms Why are sessile plant like macroalgae i e those attached to the ocean bottom only found in littoral and sub littoral environments Ch 13 Sections 13 2 Section Macroscopic Large Algae The vast majority of marine photosynthetic productivity occurs within the surface layer of the ocean to a depth of 100 meters which corresponds to the depth of the euphotic zone They require light to reach the ocean bottom Given what you know about surface productivity where do you think that sunlight penetrates deepest into the ocean Ch 13 Figure 13 6 Middle Gyre Water and Carbon Dioxide In photosynthesis what two things must come together with light energy input to produce sugar and oxygen Ch 13 Section What Is Primary Productivity What influences ocean color Ch 13 Section Light Transmission in Ocean Water It is influenced by the amount of turbidity from runoff and the amount of photosynthetic pigment
View Full Document
Unlocking...