OCE1001 DR AMY BACO TAYLOR Chapters 12 15 Life Consumes and energy and self replicates Working Definition Capture store and transmit energy Capable of reproduction Can adapt to their environment Change through time Classification of Life Three Domains Archaea Bacteria Eukarya Key Characters of Bacteria single celled Microscopic Usually lack a nucleus Lack organelles Key Characters of Archaea single celled bacteria like Particularly abundant in extreme environments Include atypical physiologies such as methane producers and sulfur oxidizers Single celled or multi cellular Key Characters of Eukarya Discreet nucleus Celled organelles Classifications of Living Organisms Five Kingdoms Monera o Simplest organisms single celled o Cyanobacteria heterotrophic bacteria archaea Protoctista o Single and multi celled with nucleus Fungi o Algae protozoa o Mold lichen o Decomposers o Very few marine Planate o Multi celled photosynthetic plants o Surf grass eelgrass mangrove march grasses Animalia o Multi celled animals o Range from simple sponges to complex vertebrates o Humans Taxonomic Classification Carolus Linnaeus 1758 Physical characteristics Genetic information Developed basis of modern classification of scienetic nomenclature Taxonomy systematic classification of organisms Taxonomy Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species o Fundamental unit o Population of genetically similar interbreeding individuals Proper binomial nomenclature Genus Species or Genus Species o Homo sapiens Key Terms Biomass the mass of the living organisms Biodiversity the number of species species richness evenness Abundance the number of individuals Density the number of individuals per unit area Classification of Marine Organisms Plankton floats Nektons swimmers Benthos bottom dwellers 98 I Plankton Most biomass on Earth consists of plankton Phytoplankton o Autotrophic Zooplankton o Heterotrophic Bacterioplankton o Small yet abundant Virioplankton o Viruses Other ways to Classify Plankton Holoplankton o Entire lives as plankton Meroplankton o Part of lives as plankton o Juvenile or larval stages Example Squid Macroplankton Picoplankton o Large floaters such as jellyfish and Sargassum o Very small floaters such as bacterioplankton II Nekton Independent swimmers Most adult fish and squid Marine mammals Marine reptiles III Benthos Epifauna live on the surface of the sea floor Infauna live buried in sediment Nektobenthos swim or crawl through water above the seafloor Density relatively constant with depth but biomass decreases Many live in perpetual darkness coldness and stillness The Deep Sea Greater than 200m Average depth is 3800m Max depth right about 11000m Approx 64 of the surface of the earth Deep seafloor area 326 million square km DEEPSEA IS THE LARGEST ECOSYSTEM ON EARTH Hydrothermal Vent Communities Abundant and large deep ocean benthos Discovered in 1977 Associated with hot vents Bacteria like archaeon produce food using heat and chemicals High biomass and low diversity Number of Marine Organisms Land Species 86 Marine Species 14 Keep in mine less accessible less time less funding less explored 250 000 marine species What are the 3 domains of Life
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