02 26 2013 Feb 12 2013 I Post Cold War Predictions Mearsheimer conflict realist viewpoint Hungtington conflict clash of civilizations Fukuyama france peace spread of democracy Fukuyama End of History many have made assumptions at what he means erroneous Hegel 1906 France defeated Russia II Waves of Democracy Fukuyama democracy spreading all over the world Latter part of 1700 1800s democracy in US Britain Demark Western European First wave comes to an end with WWI o Enlightenment indv equality voting rights o Western and northern Europe Second wave after WWII o Democracy in most states of western Europe o Latin America 60s 70s Decline in democracy where it fell to military govs in some places where it had existed before Brazil Chile Argentina Third Wave when Cold war ends o movements in Africa renewal in South America o Fukuyama Represents end of history western liberal democracy constructivism Found a final form of human government that will work Ideological evolution that has come to an end due to democracy III Fukuyama A Hegel Non materialistic way viewpoint Human Nature Fukuyama Bases ideas off Hegel German Philosopher Hegelian 1 Need for survival basics food water security 2 Ability to reason since we can think we can acquire the things that we need 3 Innate spiritedness seek recognition from others approval validation drives us beyond our basic needs can apply this to the state the state wants other states to approve PRESTIGE not POWER Can use power to get to prestige but what you re really after is approval Identity perspective Superbowl example Democracy Equalizer under democracy we are all equals from individual to states all states should be considered equal Democracy gives recognition Fukuyama interprets history as a an evolution of ideas that pertain to political order What works best in humanity What works best for us all That ideal social B Preeminence of Ideas form of socialization Looks at the history of the world based on the history of ideas how ideas have led us to where we are and created the forms of governments we have today Help to shape political and social organization C Teleological History fluid progression of history History therefore has a beginning middle and end Government begins with hunter gather society as that starts to grow and get more cohesive tribal organizations forms kings empires feudal society slavery Then new set of ideas will emerge liberal democracy D Liberal Democracy Political Philosophy Based on concept of liberalism that was being brought about by the Enlightenment thinkers Most of our ideas government human rights etc came from the Enlightenment Central plane Individual is the core of society Came from a time where the individual didn t have rights so we are changing our concept of the individual Our individuals should all be equal Problem these ideas were great and profound BUT how do we take these ideas and put them into something tangible into a political system that works Government has to recognize these privileges For this to work we need o 1 DEMOCRACY o 2 Limitations on political power we need to have some compromises if we are going to have society we need a system of rules but there are certain things that we demand Individual rights freedom of thought of expression of religion right to own private property 3 Capitalism free market economy 20th century 3 dominant political movements 1 Liberal democracy only one left standing even spread of democracy after the fall of communism Fukayama does not say democracy is the end of conflict still be conflict largely in economic terms and resources but we wont have the type of ideological conflict that we ve seen in the past aka our biggest wars Nap wars WWII Cold War etc o Huntington says the exact opposite conflict on a very large scale and all of it being ideological Triumph of liberal democracy We have ended the progression of our ideas end of cold war 2 Fascism after WWII failed 3 Communism unworkable depressive type of government that brought about a lot of appeasement IV Modernization Theory linking democratization with economic growth Evidence most of the wealthiest industrialized countries in the world are democratic A Industrialization Democracy is the byproduct from this economic industrialization Changes society all the way shakes up the current order by B Societies Transformed Emergence of Bourgeoisie middle class industrialists the men who own the means of production become incredibly wealthy but in the beginning of this movement the power status and privileges still belonged to the nobility new money vs old money Break through this order and demand the right to own property Proletariat workers Had awful living conditions until they come to realize that they are needed important become unionized begin demanding things from the government as well as a group they have a bargaining chip Urbanization people begin flooding to the cities Education increase education for the people if you want to have industrialization and a modern society They are becoming literate becoming aware Civil Society created o Strong middle class C Democracy Prevails the government has no choice but to give voting rights to the people Economy Modernization Spread of Democracy V Critiques of Modernization Theory china hasn t adopted democracy poor countries that are democracies not consistent with Fukayama liberal argument not identity Fukayama don t need modernization to get to democracy Feb 14th 2013 I Democratic Stability Wealth helps create a civil society largely middle class some upper Drive the economy have the most to gain from maintaining the stability Contributes to advancement in education The wealthier a state is the higher the costs of transition will be if it moves away from democracy Ex If it were to move towards authoritarian regime a lot of economic enterprises would suffer have democratic stability that is reinforced by democracy the system itself and wealth because it is serving them best II Democratic peace Spread of democracy will bring peace Fukuyama we see individual as equals and states as equals President Clinton enforced this ideal democracies don t attack each other make better trading partners Decrease instances of warfare because democratic states resort to communication not wars 3 main points Democracies don t fight each other o may have many arguments but they re resolved easily ex Germany vs Britain France attempted appeasement o Democracies don t get involved in
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