Guided Reading Questions Chapter 6 Energy and Enzymes and Cellular Respiration 1 A The two basic forms of energy are Kinetic energy Potential energy B Match each type of energy to one of these two forms you listed above The spinning movement of a protein as protons move through its channels Kinetic The energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose Potential The release of heat from your body as you exercise Kinetic The sunlight that powers photosynthesis Potential C Energy in the universe can be transferred or transformed but it cannot be created or destroyed 2 Why is a plant cell thought of as an energy transformer Plant cells convert light energy to chemical energy 3 A How is burning fuel in your car or burning wood similar to how your body uses fuel How is it different B Define cellular respiration Harvesting of energy from food molecules 4 Fill out the table below Photosynthesis List the reactants Are these energyrich or energypoor List the products Are these energyrich or energypoor CO2 water sunlight O2 sugar molecules Energy poor Energy rich Cellular Respiration Glucose and oxygen CO2 water ATP Energy rich Energy poor 5 How do the structures of ATP and ADP differ ATP has 3 phosphate and ADP has 2 phosphate 6 A How does phosphorylation lead to cellular work Work is done from the transfer of the phosphate molecule B What are examples of cellular work Chemical mechanical transport 7 A What does the activation energy of a chemical reaction specifically do to reactants Amount of energy needed for reactant molecules to move up hill to a higher energy B What do enzymes do to the activation energy Unstable state so that the downhill reaction can begin 8 Draw a graph with two lines One line will represent a reaction without an enzyme and the other will represent an enzyme catalyzed reaction Your Y axis should be labeled as increasing energy and your X axis should be labeled progress of reaction Be sure to label the activation energy for both reactions 9 True or False Enzymes are consumed in reactions False Enzymes are always proteins False Substrate is another word for reactant True Enzymes are specific True An enzyme may have multiple types of active sites to bind multiple types of substrates False 10 What conditions do most enzymes work best at Most human enzymes work best in specific temperatures They work best at 35 40 C 94 104 F 11 The cereal you ate this week even if it was Fruit Loops contained metals found on the periodic chart such as zinc and iron What are these metals doing in your cereal And wait is there a connection between chemistry and biology They are the inorganic cofactors of enzymes Cofactors are a non protein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme Yes there is a connection between chemistry and biology our body uses organic molecules ions and raw materials to help our nutrition 12 Examine figure 5 15 Explain in your words what this illustration describes being sure to define all the vocabulary words from this illustration 13 The books discusses how the same enzyme that transmits nerve impulses can be inhibited in insects and lead to death but when inhibited in a slightly different way in humans can be used as anesthesia for surgical procedures What is the difference in this inhibition It determines on whether or not the enzyme is reversible or irreversible If the inhibitor binds to the enzyme with covalent bonds the inhibition is usually irreversible When weak chemical interactions bind inhibitor and enzyme the inhibition is reversible Chapter 6 1 A How does energy cycle through an ecosystem as shown in Figure 6 1 Energy comes from the sun and is used in photosynthesis to rearrange the atoms of carbon dioxide and water This produces organic molecules and releases oxygen In cellular respiration oxygen is consumed as organic molecules are broken down carbon dioxide and water and the cell captures the energy released in ATP B What is different about how matter cycles Matter is recycled The carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are converted through photosynthesis to sugar and oxygen which are then used in respiration C What organisms can perform cellular respiration Almost all eukaryotic cells 2 Deep breath in deep breath out A How is breathing related to cellular respiration Because respiration refers to an exchange of gases When organisms breathe We obtain oxygen from the environment and then release it as carbon dioxide as a waste product B What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration Glucose O2 CO2 H2O ATP C Only 34 of the energy is captured from the bonds stored in glucose What happens to a lot of the energy originally stored in glucose It is lost as heat 3 Late night pizza run in the dorms you have already eaten plenty for the day so these two slices are extra that you promise to burn off tomorrow in the gym with some walking around campus If each pizza slice is about 475kcal and you weigh approximately 150lbs how many hours will you walk around campus at 3mph 6 miles for 2 hours 4 Ultimately electrons are passed from glucose to oxygen A Glucose is oxidized reduced Oxidized B Oxygen is oxidized reduced Reduced C What happens to the energy lost through these electron transfers Some of the energy lost is captured by cells and used to make ATP 5 A Co enzymes are a bit like taxi drivers in the process picking up and releasing electrons When NAD gains electrons from glucose and other molecules we say it has been It is now in the form NADH it has picked up one proton from hydrogen too Reduced B When NADH gives up loses these electrons to the electron transport chain we say that this molecule has been Oxidized Let s end this set of GRQs with the overview of cellular respiration in eukaryotes Be attentive to details like the color coding that your book uses You will see these same symbols colors in the animation too Overview in a eukaryote A Stage 1 Glycolyis occurs where in the cell Cytosol Glucose is split into two molecules of a 3 carbon compound called pyruvate Is any ATP made No B Stage 2 Pyruvate Oxidation and Citrus acid cycle This takes place where in the cell Mitochondria Pyruvate is now broken ultimately to carbon dioxide a one carbon compound which you eventually breathe out Is any ATP made yes or no Stages 1 and 2 importantly supply electrons little blue balls to the third stage C Stage 3 Oxidative phosphorylation Located where in cell Chains embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane
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