Guided Reading Questions Lesson 5 Cell Signaling with Hormones 1 A What two type of signals does the body use to communicate Chemical and electrical signals B How do they affect different responses in the body They maintain body functions and release chemical signals called hormones 2 What does a target cell have that allows it to respond to a hormone secreted from a distant gland that a non target cell is lacking Receptors 3 List and describe the three stages of hormone signaling Reception occurs when a hormone binds to a specific receptor protein on or in the target cell Signal transduction is the binding of a signal molecule to a receptor protein triggers events within the target cell that converts the signal from one form to another The response is the change in the cells behavior 4 Are hormone receptors on the plasma membrane or inside cells Both depends if it is a water soluble hormone or a lipid soluble hormone 5 Draw a quick diagram outlining the differences between water soluble hormone signaling vs lipid soluble hormone signaling 6 Why can steroid hormones pass through the plasma and nuclear membranes The hormone is lipid soluble 7 Scientific Thinking module A What hypothesis were the scientists testing Long term exposure to low levels of atrazine during development has a negative impact on reproductive function in amphibians B What were the control and experimental groups Control frogs not exposed to atrazine Experimental frogs exposed to atrazine C What was the independent variable Level of atrazine exposed to frogs D Dependent variables Negative effects on reproductive function in amphibians E What were the results More males in the atrazine exposed group experienced testosterone deficiencies than did those in the control group F This was a controlled laboratory study does it have any implications for the realworld environment Estrogen is predominant in females and testosterone is predominate in males 8 A What are the three major categories of sex hormones Estrogen progestin androgen B Do males have estrogen Do females have testosterone Yes and yes 9 What happens when testosterone is made but cannot bind its receptor inside the cell They are born with external female genitalia with testes in the abdomen 10 What are some ways testosterone affects other animals besides humans Aggression and behaviors 11 A What organ secretes insulin and glucagon Pancreas B What are the target cells of insulin Nearly all cells C What affect does insulin have on cells Prevent high blood sugar and regulates the cell D What are the target cells of glucagon Liver cells 12 A Diabetes as a group of diseases affects 1 in 10 Americans B What is diabetes Too much sugar in the blood 13 A Compare and contrast the differences in hormone signaling defects in type 1 vs type 2 diabetes Insulin is unable to enter the cell resulting in accumulation of glucose in the blood B What condition occurs if too much insulin is produced or injected Low blood sugar 14 Listen to a 13 min interview with Raleigh author Tim Anderson about his book Sweet Tooth and answer these questions as you listen A What were the first signs for Tim that he was developing type 1 diabetes How old was he 15 blood sugar and hormones went wild B On the night he was brought to the ER what behavior during that day made his sugar level so incredibly high Excessive coke connsumption C What does he mean when he says the first few years were the honeymoon period of diabetes When the pancreas is producing some insulin but not enough D What were some of the symptoms he describes associated with too much insulin hypoglycemia Talk nonsense sweat and fall out of bed E He talks about educating people to some degree by writing this book because most people misunderstand diabetes because they don t realize its more than just injecting insulin it is a complex act Balancing F How did showmeyourpump come about What is a pump Began with Miss Idaho contestant pump releases insulin when needed G Describe the nurse that took care of Tim in his first week Straightforward and not very compassionate H Tim hated pricking his finger for blood readings then but now he easily does this times per day 8 to 10 times a day I Tim s story of accepting his new life with diabetes was complicated by what else that he was also learning to accept about himself His sexuality Diversity Focus Read The origins of Transgender Hormones and Gender Identity 1 Early in the article the author explains that the article is going to take a binary perspective What does the author mean by this and what is being excluded by taking this perspective Aimed to avoid getting into the various intersex combinations of chromosomes 2 What happens at 7 weeks to a human XX embryo A human XY embryo XY formation of testis XX formation of ovaries 3 What is different about hormone blasts at birth between XX and XY embryos XY receives a second blast of testosterone while XX does not 4 What is congenital adrenal hyperplasia CAH and why was studying these female children important to Professor Melissa Hine s research What did Dr Hines find It is a genetic disease that causes girls to have a high exposure to testosterone She found girls with this disease were just as likely to pick a boyish toy as a boy control group 5 Based on the work of Catherine Dulac what would you predict would be the adult behavior male sexual behavior or female sexual behavior for each of these scenarios with mice A male mouse not exposed to a testosterone blast at birth but is exposed to testosterone as an adult Lower male sexual behavior A male mouse exposed to a testosterone blast at birth and is exposed to testosterone as an adult High sexual behavior A female mouse exposed to testosterone blast at birth but exposed to estrogen as an adult Normal female sexual behavior A female mouse NOT exposed to testosterone blast at birth and exposed to estrogen as an adult Normal female sexual behavior 6 What is the take home message of the article The importance of the exposure of different sex hormones at birth
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