Guided Reading Qs Lesson 3 A Tour of the Cell 1 Put these in size order bacterium human liver cell ribosome insulin a protein human egg a carbon atom Smallest largest A carbon atom insulin ribosomes bacterium human liver cell human egg 2 A Why can t cells get very big The biggest size of a cell in influenced by geometry the need to have a surface area large enough to service the volume of a cell B As cell increases what happens to its surface to volume ratio It decreases 3 What is the structure and function of the plasma membrane The structure of the plasma membrane is very flexible and extremely thin The function of the plasma membrane also known as the cell membrane is to form a flexible boundary around the living cell and its surroundings 4 What are the 2 kinds of cells in nature prokaryotic eukaryotic 5 All cells have some features in common list them define any you aren t familiar with They are both placed in a plasma membrane the interior of all cells are filled with cytosol all cells have one or more chromosomes both contain ribosomes Chromosomes carry genes made of DNA Ribosomes tiny structures that make proteins according to instructions form the genes Cytosol thick jelly like fluid that fills the interior of the cell 6 Draw figure 4 3 a bacterium for yourself Label and be sure to define each part Take note of what a prokaryote cell contains so that you can easily see what it is missing compared to a eukaryotic cell Fimbriae attachment structures on the surface of some prokaryotes Capsule jelly like outer coating of many prokaryotes Cell wall rigid structure outside the plasma membrane Ribosomes structures that synthesis proteins Nucleoid region where the cell s DNA is located Plasma Membrane membrane inclosing the cytoplasm Flagella locomotion organelles of some bacteria 7 Compare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Plasma the first to evolve membrane have a membrane enclosed bacteria nucleous Cytosol archaea all forms of life excluding Chromosomes smaller and simpler in bacteria and archaea Ribosomes structure 8 What is the advantage for the cell in having compartments within a eukaryotic cell The advantage of a cell having compartments within a eukaryotic cell is that s where many of the cells chemical activities called cellular metabolism take place 9 Compare and contrast a plant cell and an animal cell Examine diagrams of typical organelles of plant and animal cells what differences do you see Plant Cells Animal Cells Cell membrane cell wall Mitochondria chloroplast where photosynthesis takes place Nucleus central vacuole plasmodesmata flagella shape is more rigid 10 Genetic Control of the cell The Nucleus and ribosomes A Name and sketch the structure that matches the functional description of each component below 1 The cell s genetic instructions inside the nucleus DNA 2 A barrier separating the cell s genetic information from the cell s cytosol chromatin 3 How materials enter and exit the nucleus nuclear envelope Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Chromatin Endoplasmic rectum B A cell with many ribosomes tells you what about this cell s function They make a lot of protein C What is the difference between proteins that are made on either Free ribosomes in the cytosol they function within the cytosol Examples are enzymes that catalyze the first steps of sugar breakdown for cellular respiration Or Ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope they make proteins that will be exported from the cell 11 Energy converting organelles A What is the function of Mitochondria Organelles that carry out cellular respiration in nearly all eukaryotic cells They use O2 and release CO2 in transforming the chemical energy of foods to a form ATP that can be used for cellular work Do prokaryotes have No Do animal cells have Yes Do plant cells have Yes B What is the function of chloroplasts They are the photosynthesizing organelles of plants and algae They convert solar energy to chemical energy Do prokaryotes have No Do animal cells have No Do plant cells have Yes C Draw pictures of both a mitochondrion and a chloroplast as the structure of these become very important to our discussion of cellular respiration and photosynthesis Granum Stroma Inner and outer membrane Thylakoid Outer membrane Intermembrane space Inner membrane Mitochondrial matrix D What are the names of each compartments spaces Be sure to label them on your drawings How many phospholipid bi layers are in each Chloroplast inner and outer membrane stroma thylakoid granum Mitochondria outer membrane intermembrane space inner membrane mitochondrial mix 2 phospholipid bi layers 12 A What is the function of the cytoskeleton Protein fibers in the cytoplasm that act like a skeleton in providing structural support as well as movement B Name 3 fibers that make up the cytoskeleton microtubules the thickest fiber microfilaments the thinnest fiber intermediate filaments medium amount of thickness 13 Why does cell structure and function matter Many diseases are based in defective cellular structures or macromolecular components Let s explore one disease where lung cells and a few other cells of the body malfunction Cystic Fibrosis A How does someone get cystic fibrosis It is genetic It is an inherited disorder Caused by mutation in the CFTR gene B What is the median age of survival now 37 C Major symptoms associated with the disease are thick mucus D The first line of drugs that helped improve the quality of life did what Makes the mucus thinner and easier to expel E What s the link in this article to UNC Doctors at UNC are testing an experimental drug called VX 770 that fixes the problem of the lungs becoming so dehydrated F What does a CFTR modulator do It regulates the proper flow of chloride and sodium salt in and out of cells lining the lungs and other organs
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