Guided Reading Q s GRQs Chapter 1 Exploring Life and the Process of Science 1 A How would you know if something was alive Why is a rock not alive What are the characteristics that define all life Something is alive based on what we recognize living things do Characteristics such as order reproduction growth and development response to the environment energy processing regulation and evolutionary adaptation B What is the smallest unit of life A cell 2 A Arrange these words in a correct order Biosphere ecosystem community population organism organ system organ tissue cell organelle molecule B Consider the individual properties and uses for a bucket a piece of rope or a wheel What happens when you put them together in a system does a larger function emerge Each individual purpose for a bucket a piece of rope and a wheel are all different and can be used differently But if you put them all together to work with each other a system can be formed and they can function as one to do something C Similarly individual tissues can have specific functions but when put together with other tissue types in certain configurations in organs new functions arise This concept is known in biology as Emergent Properties 3 A Review the terms below and define any you need to brush up on Quantitative Data Generally numerical measurements that can be organized into tables and graphs and analyzed with statistics Qualitative Data Often in the form of recorded descriptions Observations Hypothesis A proposed explanation for a set of observations and leads to predictions that can be tested Experiment A scientific test carried out under controlled conditions 4 A How do we prove a hypothesis is true We cannot prove that a hypothesis is true 1 B How is a theory different from a hypothesis A theory is much broader in scope than a hypothesis It is supported by a large and usually growing body of evidence 5 A How is science different from other ways of describing and explaining nature such as philosophy and religion The scientific view of the world is based on Fill in rest of this statement from section 1 4 The scientific view of the world is based on hypothesis testing and verifiable evidence 6 What is the main requirement for a scientific hypothesis It must generate predictions that can be tested by experiments or gathering further observations 7 A Module 1 5 shows us the process of science with a controlled experiment What hypothesis is being tested in this experiment Such color patterns have evolved as adaptations that protect animals from predation B Define these terms Independent variable The factor that is manipulated by the researchers Dependent variable The measure used to judge the outcome of the experiment Controlled experiment One in which an experimental group is compared with a control group C In an ideal controlled experiment what differs between the control and experimental group These 2 groups usually differ only in the one variable the experiments is designed to test 8 A What was the if then prediction statement made by the scientists about the beach mouse If camouflage coloration protects mice from predators then mice that matched their environment would be preyed on less frequently than mice with coloration that did not match their habitat B Describe the control group Mice with coloration that matched their habitat C Describe the experimental group Mice that had non native coloration D Describe the results and conclusion 2 Results the non camouflaged models had a much higher percentage of predation attacks in both habitats The conclusion the camouflage hypothesis was supported coloration that matches the environment protects animals from predation 9 Identify the independent and the dependent variables in this beach mouse experiment Independent the color of the mice Dependent the habitats of the mice 10 True or False Explain A controlled experiment must take place in a laboratory environment False just because it is not done in a lab doesn t mean that it is not a controlled experiment because you can have an experiment like this mice one that is done out in nature When it is not done in a lab it is considered to be a field study 11 A We ll be looking at experiments in humans throughout the semester too so let s define some terms associated with human studies clinical trials Controlled experiments involving humans Ex tests of new medications random assignment Subjects are usually randomly assigned to control and experimental group double blind trial Neither the researchers nor the subjects know who is in which group placebo A treatment such as a sugar pill that doesn t contain the substance being studied retrospective observational study Researchers may interview people use medical records or examine death certificates in the attempt to identify factors that led to a specific outcome prospective observational study Researchers enter the picture at the beginning enrolling a group of participants called a cohort and then collecting data from them over a period of time B What are the limitations of observational studies A correlation between a factor and an outcome does not necessarily mean that the factor caused the outcome 12 Module 1 6 details how hypotheses can be tested even if a controlled experiment cannot be performed Explain how observational data led to classification of the red panda Even though the red panda might have reminded some of a house cat observations from scientists have allowed them to categorize the red panda the way that they have They made observations of 3 physical characteristics such as how it looks like a raccoon and has a false thumb like a giant panda Not only because of physical similarities but scientists observed the habitat of the red panda and the diet to be the same as the giant panda and placed those two into the same family And since there is evidence stating that the giant panda is a part of the bear family it was proposed that the red panda be places in that family as well 13 Figure 1 4 might give you the impression that there is a linear recipe to follow for science In fact most scientific studies are non linear and require repetition and collaboration Draw Figure 1 7 below and explain the components to yourself as we will be referring to this figure throughout the semester Note Biology requires to do a fair amount of drawing so use these GRQs as a place to feel more comfortable doing this Exploration and Discovery Observing asking questions reading
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