Chap 3 vocabulary1.Polar covalent= bonds covalent bond where one element is more electronegative than the other it is bonded to. So electrons spend more time closer to the more electronegative element.2.polar molecule=the overall charge is unevenly distributed in the molecule.3.cohesion= water molecules stay close to each other as a result of hydrogen bonding holding the water together.4.adhesion= the clinging of water to cell walls by hydrogen bonds.5. surface tension= a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.6.kinetic energy= the energy of motion7.heat= a measure of the matter’s total kinetic energy8.temperature= a measure of heat intensity that represents the average kinetic energy of the molecule.9.celsius scale= scale where water freezes at 0 and boils at 100.10. Calorie= the amount of heat it takes to raise the temp of 1 gram of water by 1 degree celsius.11. Kilocalorie= quantity of heat required to raise 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree celsius12.joule= 0.239 calorie one calorie is 4.184 joule 13.specific heat= the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost of a specific substance to raise or lower it by 1 degree celsius14. Heat of vaporization= quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g of it to be converted from liquid to gas.15. Evaporative cooling= as liquid evaporates the surface of the liquid that remains cools down.16.solution= a liquid that is a completely homogenous mixture.17. Solvent= the dissolving agent of a solution18. Solute= the substance that is disolved19. Aqueous solution= a solution where water is the solvent20. Hydration shell= the sphere of water molecules that surround each dissolved ion.21. Hydrophilic= any substance that has an affinity for water22. Colloid= a stable suspension of fine particles in a liquid23.hydrophoboc= substances that are nonionic and nonpolar and actually seem to repel water.24. Molecular mass= the sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule25.mole= an exact number of objects 6.02 x 10 to the 23rd power (avogadro’s number ).26.molarity= the number of moles of solute per liter of solution27. Hydrogen ion= a hydrogen atom minus its electron charge +128.hydroxide ion= the water molecule that has lost a proton charge -129.hydronium ion= the lost proton binds to another water molecule H30+30. Acid= a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution31. Base= a substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution32. PH= the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.33.buffer= a substance that minimizes changes in the concentrations of H= and OH- in a solution34. Ocean acidification= when co2 dissolves in seawater and forms carbonic acid which lowers the ocean
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