PSYCH 101 1st Edition Lecture 10Outline of Last Lecture I. Holiday-no previous lecture- exam 1 Outline of Current Lecture I. Basic Principle of sensation and perception- Sensation- PerceptionII. Making sense of the world:- Bottom up processing- Top down processing III.From the Sensory Organs to the Brain-ReceptionTransductionTransmissionIV.ThresholdsA.Absolute Threshold -Signal Detection Theory-SubliminalB.Difference Threshold-Weber’s LawCurrent LectureI. Basic principles of Sensation and Perception- Sensation: Process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represents stimulus energies from our environment. (The brain receives input from the sensory organs)- Perception: Process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, allowing us to recognize meaningful objects and events. (The brain makes sense out of theinput from sensory organs)II. Making Sense of the World:- Bottom Up Processing: taking sensory information and then assembling and integrating it. (What am I seeing, hearing, etc.?)- Top Down Processing: Using models, ideas, and expectations to interpret sensoryinformation. (Have I seen this before?)III. From the Sensory Organs to the Brain- The process of sensation can be seen as 3 steps:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Reception: the stimulation of sensory receptor cells by energy (sound, light, heat,etc.)Transduction: Transforming this cell stimulation into neural impulses. Transmission: Delivering this neural information to the brain to be processed.IV. ThresholdsA. The Absolute Threshold refers to the minimum level of stimulus intensity neededto detect a stimulus half the time. (Only involves one stimulus)- Signal Detection Theory refers to whether or not we detect a stimulus, especiallyamidst background noise. This depends not just on intensity of the stimulus, but on psychological factors such as the person’s experience, expectations, motivations, and alertness.- Subliminal: below our threshold for being able to consciously detect a stimulus. Although we can’t learn complex knowledge from subliminal stimuli, we can be primed, and this will affect our subsequent choices (i.e. We may look longer at the side of the paper which had just shown a nude image, subliminally). B. Difference Threshold refers to the minimum difference for a person to be able to detect the difference half the time ( Involves two stimuli)- Weber’s Law refers to the principle that for two stimuli to be perceived as different, they must differ by a constant minimum percentage and not a constant amount (i.e. 1/100th of the weight, not 2
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