PSY 101 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture l. The need for psychological science- Hindsight Bias, Overconfidence, Coincidence Error- How to be scientificll. Asking and Answering Question- Theory, Hypothesis, Operational Definition, and ReplicationOutline of Current Lecture I. Research TypesA. Case Study B. Naturalistic ObservationC. The SurveyII. Random SamplingIII. CorrelationA. Correlation CoefficientCurrent LectureI. Research Goals and Strategy is to be descriptive. The following research is descriptiveand systematic.Case Study: Examining one individual in depth. Benefit: It can lead to a source of ideas about human nature in general.Ex.] Phineas GageNaturalistic Observation: Observing “natural” behavior means just watching (and taking notes) on a variety of people, and not interfering in any way. Benefit: It can be used to study more than one individual, to find truths that may apply to a broader population.Ex.] Studying monkeys in the wildThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.The Survey: A method of gathering information about many peoples thoughts orbehaviors through self-report rather than observation.Benefit: receive a large amount of data- but be careful how you word questions (don’t manipulate the question to get the answer you want)II. Why take a sample? It is impossible to find data about every man in the world, so sampling isused to save time.Random Sampling: A technique for making sure that every individual in a populationhas an equal chance of being in the sample. Anyone can be chosen.III. A possible result many descriptive studies face is discovering a correlation.Correlation: An observation that two traits/attributes are related to each other. Ameasure of how closely two factors vary together.Finding Correlations: Scatter PlotCorrelation Coefficient: The correlation coefficient is a number representing thestrength and direction (positive or negative) of correlation. The strength of the relationship refers to how close the dots on a scatterplot are to a straight line one variable changes as the other one does. When looking for the strongest magnitude/strength look at the number that is closest to 1 (regardless of it being negative or
View Full Document
Unlocking...