PSY 101 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture II. Research TypesA. Case Study B. Naturalistic ObservationC. The SurveyIII. Random SamplingIV. CorrelationA. Correlation Coefficient Outline of Current Lecture l.How do we find out about causation?-Side note: Random Sampling. Vs. Random Assignmentll. Control Grouplll. Placebo EffectA. Double BlindlV. Naming VariablesA. Independent VariableB. Dependent VariableCurrent Lecturel. Correlation does not mean causation, so how do we find out about causation? Throughexperimentation.- Random sampling is how you get a pool of research participants that represents the population- Random Assignment of participants is randomly placing participants in the control groupor experimental group- putting people into these groups is totally random.ll. The Control Group is controlled by the researcher. We manipulate a variable in anexperimental group of people and then we see an effect, how do we know the changeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.we saw wouldn’t have happened anyway? We solve this problem by comparing this group to a control group, a group that is the same in every way to the experimental group except the one variable we are changing. lll. Placebo Effect: Experimental effects that are caused by expectations about the intervention.- Control groups may be given a placebo an inactive substance or other fake treatment in place of the experimental treatment. For example, a control group may be given a sugar pill instead of the real drug scientists are studying. The control group is ideally “blind:” to whether they are getting real or fake treatment.- Many studies are “double blind”- neither participants nor research staff knows which participants are in the experimental or control groups. This prevents any bias in researchers.lV. Naming Variables~- The variable we are able to manipulate independently of what the other variables are doing, is called the Independent Variable. (giving the drug pill)- The variable we expect to experience a change which depends on the manipulation we’re doing is the Dependent Variable. (participants predicted reaction to
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