HIS 102 1st Edition Final Exam Study Guide Lectures 28 37 Long Essays 1 Identify and explain the main outcomes of the 1919 Paris Peace Conference How do you assess the peace settlement Did it provide the basis for a stable Europe A League of Nations 1 International organization whose principle mission was to maintain world peace 2 Collective security and disarmament settling disputes through negotiation 3 Ultimately failed WWII B Treaty of Versailles 1 Ended war with Germany 2 War guilt clause i Disarm ii Territorial concessions iii Reparations C While they thought they were putting good plans for peace into action no one was willing to actually enforce the terms of the peace conference 2 What were the major developments in the Soviet Union after the Bolshevik Revolution The revolutionaries took power determined to end injustice and poverty in a poor backwards country Yet the state became defined by terror What happened A Bolshevik Revolution 1 The Romanov dynasty overthrown and parliament declares itself the provisional government 2 Provisional government overthrown because of their support of the war effort and replaced by Soviets B Terror 1 The second provisional government was using the army to keep peace in the Soviet Union 2 This was out of fear of another coup 3 This also created fear among the people 3 Why did fascism come to dominate politics in much of interwar Europe What were the main features of fascism Use examples drawn from specific movements to illustrate your answers A Fascism domination 1 Feeling of nationalism when all other countries were against 2 Authoritarian 3 Defenders of property B Fascism s main features are nationalism and authoritarianism xenophobia sense of grievance and loss C Italy Mussolini D Germany Hitler 4 What were the main international developments and crises in the 1930 s that led to the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939 What accounts for the responses of the major European democracies France and Britain to fascist aggression A Germany s invasion of Poland 1 After this event France and Britain declare war but don t attack 2 Form Maginot lines along France s border and wait for Germany to attack B European democracies reactions 1 Mostly reacted with attrition 2 Didn t attack until attacked simply mobilized an army 5 How do you explain the collapse of the Weimar republic How did Hitler consolidate the Nazi dictatorship A Hitler gained power legally and laid low B Slowly got parties other than the Nazi party disbanded for various reasons beginning with the Communist party before the Enabling Act was enforced C After Enabling Act suspends due process all political parties banned except Nazi party D Last thing threatening Hitler s power was the army 1 Night of the Long Knives Hitler s oldest friend Roehm executed for threatening army leadership 2 Hitler supports this and therefore gains support of the army 3 After death of Hindenberg army decides Hitler will replace Hindenberg 6 Explain the difference between the two fronts in the war against Hitler s Germany How was the war conducted on each front Why was the action on the Soviet front decisive in defeating Germany What was the significance of the Anglo American front A Soviet Front 1 Larger and more pivotal for victory than the Anglo American front 2 Willing to take any loss necessary 3 Soldiers followed by the KGB forces to force them to do their duties and deny them the option of turning back B Anglo American Front 1 Not willing to take any loss necessary allow themselves to lose a battle in order to sustain troops 2 Went on the defensive near the end of the war 3 Area bombing took place Browning s Ordinary Men 1 Why does Browning conclude that the Order Police of Battalion 101 were ordinary men Statistically ordinary All around 38 years old Working class men Left wing voters from Hamburg Not even Nazi s or radical racists 2 What role did Battalion 101 have in the Holocaust Discuss and explain their part in the destruction of Polish Jews Original job was to stay behind fighting lines and maintain order in the occupied territories Killed Jews one by one with firing squads before death camps fully developed 3 How does Browning explain the actions of the men of Battalion 101 What use does he make of the famous work of behavioral psychologists Role adaptation they were given a position of power and told to kill and they felt like they had no choice in the matter Eventually they began killing with ease Used studies by Milgram and Zimbardo as basis for theory Milgram s experiment was the obedience study where an authority figure continually tells the subject to shock the other subject whom they can t see The results showed that most people continued to shock until they heard no more shouting from the other subject Zimbardo s experiment was on roles Male Stanford students were given roles of prisoners and prison guards and given the freedom to do whatever they liked within those roles Abuse and shaming of the prisoners ensued